Jurnal MedScientiae

The Perception of Ukrida Medical Students Class of 2020 Towards the Online Learning Process

2024-08-14T04:45:35+00:00

Online learning is leaning that utilizes online media or the internet in learning. The learning process that is carried out online makes students’ psychological and mental activities trained in the environment, which results in a pile of changes in knowledge and understanding, skills and attitude values. Perception is a point of view or understanding of material or information received during learning activities. This study has four operational definitions, namely online learning, problem-based learning, skills lab, and integration. From the results of this study, it was concluded that students have perceptions of online learning satisfaction because students can study anywhere during the pandemic and can understand the material presented by lecturers. Based on the level of achievement of student respondents, they can take part in online learning without affecting the learning process or behavior.

An Overview of Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior About Using Self Protective Equipment in Toll Road Construction Workers PT. X, Lampung in October 2018

2024-08-13T06:26:08+00:00

The behavior of using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in construction sector workers in Indonesia is still not good, this is indicated by the still high mortality and disability due to workplace accidents. There are still many workers who do not use PPE when working based on several factors, including the lack of company policy and supervision and aspects of the workers themselves. The purpose of this study was to see an overview of the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of construction workers about the use of PPE in PT. X, Lampung in 2018. The research design used in this study was a cross-sectional design that was descriptive in nature. This study used a sample of 50 people and analyzed univariately. The results of this study show a picture of knowledge, attitudes and good behavior about the use of PPE. In addition, the highest age for workers is> 30 years, the highest level of education is Higher Education and the lowest is elementary school and the highest level of education is high school / vocational school, the highest period of employment is ≤ 10 years. From the results of this study it can be concluded that respondents have a high level of awareness about the importance of using PPE to avoid the risk of workplace accidents.

Relations Between Stress Level and the Occurrence of Constipation to Medical Students

2024-08-14T04:35:50+00:00

Stress can be experienced by anyone. The number of events is increasing every year. This is
evidenced from the results of Basic Health Research in 2013 and 2018, namely an increase in the
prevalence of mental emotional disorders in Indonesian population aged ≥ 15 years from 6
percent to 9.8 percent. Stress can have a negative impact on the human body both physically and
psychologically. One of the effects of stress on the body is constipation. Unfortunately not much
literature discusses stress and constipation in more detail. This study aims to determine whether
there is a relationship between stress levels and constipation in the seventh semester students of
the 2016 Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at Ukrida. This research uses analytic study
method with cross-sectional approach. Sampling is done by consecutive sampling method. The
study was conducted in December 2019 at the Ukrida’s medical campus. 150 out of 206 students
of 2016 from Ukrida Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences who are in their seventh semester,
are included in the inclusion criteria. The research material is primary data in the form of a
Constipation Scoring System questionnaire and Perceived Stress Scale. The results showed a
relationship between stress levels and constipation. This was obtained from the Chi Square test
calculation which was calculated using the SPSS computer program, where the p value was 0.01
(p <0.05).

Myopia Prevalence in FKIK UKRIDA Students Class of 2019 and Its Relationship with Online Learning During the Pandemic

2024-08-20T06:01:53+00:00

Myopia is a common vision condition in which a person can see nearby objects clearly, but objects further away are blurry. In Indonesia, the prevalence of refractive errors ranks first, covering 25% of the population or around 55 million people. In December 2019, the novel coronavirus spread rapidly in China and around the world. Social restriction and regional quarantine policies have the potential to limit people from carrying out activities, especially in educational institutions. Purpose: to determine the prevalence of myopia sufferers and their relationship with online learning. Methods: using a total sampling technique with a cross sectional method with 162 respondents. Results: It was found that respondents who used devices for a duration of <4 hours and a distance of <30 cm tended not to experience myopia (P>0.05). By looking at the results obtained through the Chi-Square test, it can be concluded that there is no relationship between online learning and myopia. Conclusion: it can be concluded that there is no relationship between online learning and myopia in active students of FKIK UKRIDA class of 2019 and the prevalence of myopia in active students of FKIK Ukrida class of 2019 is 60.1%.

Prevalence And Description Of Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease Based On Abi Value In Elderly Inpatient At Ukrida Hospital

2024-08-27T05:19:42+00:00

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a disease caused by blockage of blood vessels by fat that occurs in the lower extremities with symptoms of pain in the lower extremities and intermittent claudication. PAP occurs in patients aged 60 years and over with risk factors of diabetes, smoking and hypertension. PAP can be detected through an Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) examination. This study aims to determine the description and prevalence of PAD based on ABI values in elderly people hospitalized at UKRIDA Hospital, West Jakarta. The research is observational using a descriptive research design with a cross-sectional approach. Sampling is in the form of consecutive sampling, where all elderly people hospitalized at UKRIDA Hospital will be taken as research samples according to the inclusion criteria until they meet the minimum threshold. Using the Lemeshow formula, the sample size was 76 elderly people. The results of the study showed that the prevalence of PAD was 10.5% with the gender that suffered the most from PAP being women, 6 elderly people (75%) and 2 elderly men (25%). Risk factors for PAD sufferers include hypertension (62.5%), diabetes mellitus (37.5%), smoking (25%), and obesity (12.5%). The ABI results in PAD elderly were 2 mild ABI (0.75-0.9) (25%) and 6 severe ABI (<0.9%) (75%). Using the Fontaine classification, the clinical manifestations of PAD elderly were 7 at level I (87.5%) and 1 at level IV (12.5%).

Depression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient

2024-08-27T05:38:37+00:00

Patients with diabetes mellitus have a 2-3 times higher risk of experiencing depression compared to the general population, which can potentially exacerbate their overall health condition. This literature review aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to identify its associated risk factors. This literature review was conducted by searching electronic databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, and ProQuest. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The results revealed that the prevalence of depression among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients varied from 23.20% to 83.80%, with a majority of cases classified as mild to moderate. To identify risk factors contributing to the high prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, additional studies were explored. Based on this literature review, it can be concluded that the prevalence of depression among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is quite high. Several consistently identified risk factors include advanced age, female gender, low education level, unstable or unemployed work status, low income, marital status, and longer duration of diabetes. Early detection and appropriate management of depression in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus are essential for enhancing quality of life and optimizing treatment outcomes.

Clinical Aspect and Laboratory Aspect of Hyperimmunoglobulin-M Syndrome

2024-08-29T06:03:15+00:00

Hyperimmunoglobulin-M Syndrome (HIGM) is a set of symptomps due to primary immunodeficiency characterized by low levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin E (IgE), and normal or increased levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM) or recurrent infections. HIGM syndrome was initially thought to be caused by genetic defects related to the X chromosome only, but along with advances in molecular technology in detecting genetic abnormalities, other autosomal-type defects were found. Genetic defects in HIGM Syndrome cause disruption of the maturation process of humoral immunity, especially diversity through CSR, and increased affinity through SHM. Clinical manifestation of HIGM patients varies greatly and depends on the defect in the CD40L or CD40 signal pathway. Current therapy given for HIGM patients aim to resolve those clinical manifestation and fix the production of high-affinity antibody. Life expectancy of patients without a bone marrow transplant is estimated to be less than 30 years.

The Use of Corticosteroid Eye Drops in Patients Post Cataract Surgery

2024-08-20T03:44:18+00:00

The use of corticosteroid eye drops is one of the post-cataract surgery treatments aimed at reducing inflammation and preventing complications. This literature aims to review the effectiveness and safety of topical corticosteroid use in patients after cataract surgery. Reviewing several recent studies on this topic, this literature finds that topical corticosteroids effectively reduce inflammation and speed up post-operative healing. However, there are risks of side effects, such as increased intraocular pressure (IOP), that need to be considered. The literature also discusses comparisons between corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), showing that while NSAIDs are also effective, corticosteroids provide better results in controlling inflammation. In conclusion, corticosteroid eye drops are recommended as the standard treatment after cataract surgery with close monitoring of IOP.

Age Estimation Based on Bones

2024-08-19T06:31:53+00:00

Pendahuluan: Estimasi usia kerangka manusia merupakan aspek penting dalam profil biologis yang digunakan oleh antropolog forensik untuk identifikasi individu yang meninggal. Perkiraan usia dapat dilakukan melalui beberapa metode, seperti pemeriksaan makroskopis perkembangan dan erupsi gigi, penyatuan epifisis tulang panjang, degenerasi permukaan artikular panggul, ujung tulang rusuk, dan jahitan kranial, serta analisis mikroskopis struktur tulang. Tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi serta menganalisis berbagai teknik yang tersedia untuk tujuan ini.

Metodologi: Tinjauan literatur ini menggunakan referensi melalui basis data PubMed dan ResearchGate. Pengambilan data dilakukan berdasarkan alur proses, dimana diperoleh 8 sumber literatur yang relevan dengan topik penelitian.

Hasil dan Pembahasan: Metode estimasi usia sering menunjukkan bias di mana usia individu yang lebih muda cenderung dilebih-lebihkan, sementara usia individu yang lebih tua diremehkan. Perubahan degeneratif pada struktur seperti ujung tulang rusuk sulit untuk ditafsirkan secara akurat dan berkontribusi terhadap kesalahan dalam estimasi usia terutama setelah usia 60 tahun. Variasi ini kemungkinan terkait dengan perbedaan gaya hidup, lingkungan, dan aktivitas. Metode menggunakan simfisis pubis lebih akurat untuk individu dewasa muda. Permukaan aurikular dapat memberikan estimasi yang memadai pada kelompok usia menengah. Gigi monoartikular dan ujung sternal iga keempat ditemukan sebagai metode yang akurat untuk individu yang lebih tua.

Simpulan: Metode estimasi usia osteologis memerlukan penyesuaian dan evaluasi terus-menerus berdasarkan populasi dan faktor-faktor spesifik terkait usia. Kombinasi beberapa metode dan analisis mendalam terhadap variabel morfologis dapat meningkatkan akurasi estimasi usia, meskipun bias tetap ada terutama pada kelompok usia tua dan muda.

Kata kunci: Age Estimation, Skeletal Age, Anthropology, Forensic

Effectiveness of COX-2 Inhibitors as Preemptive Analgesia in Total Knee Arthoplasty Surgery

2024-07-16T03:49:39+00:00

Post-operative pain, especially TKA procedures, is a problem that is often encountered. The use of adequate analgesics is the main treatment to reduce the side effects of pain, namely immobilization, decreased range of motion (ROM), increased risk of thromboembolism and decreased success rate of rehabilitation. Several previous studies reported the possibility of a significant therapeutic effect on the postoperative pain response by using preemptive analgesia methods with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (COX-2 inhibitors). The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of COX-2 inhibitors using the preemptive analgesia method in total knee arthroplasty surgery through a literature study. Data searches were carried out on several electronic journal databases PubMed, ProQuest and Google Scholar, with the keywords "cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors", "COX-2 inhibitor", "celecoxib", "valdecoxib", "rofecoxib", "etoricoxib", "non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs”, “preoperative analgesia”, and “total knee arthroplasty”. in 2013-2022. Overall, the study showed a significant response to the use of COX-2 inhibitors in preemptive analgesia methods to suppress the pain response at rest and during knee flexion after TKA when compared with the control group. The PA method with COX-2 inhibitors has also been proven to be successful in reducing the level of use of salvatory analgesics, which indirectly indicates that pain control has been successful. COX-2 inhibitors have been proven to be effective in reducing the pain response as a preemptive analgesia method in patients undergoing TKA procedures.

Effectiveness of Prednisolone Acetate Eye Drops 1% in Improving the Final Vision of Anterior Uveitis Patients

2024-08-20T04:20:16+00:00

Anterior uveitis is the most common classification of uveitis and can result in decreased vision, even blindness in sufferers. Therefore, this literature review was carried out to determine the effectiveness of topical steroids, namely prednisolone acetate 1%, in improving final vision in anterior uveitis patients. In this literature review, 6 articles were found from electronic databases in PubMed and Google Scholar, which were selected based on the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study's results stated that prednisolone acetate 1% eye drops effectively improved final vision in anterior uveitis patients. Further research regarding the effectiveness of prednisolone acetate 1% needs to be carried out in a broader scope, with various patient characteristics, to make the research results more accurate.

Description of the Use of Eye Protection Equipment and the Direct Effect of Use of Welding on the Eyes of Welder Workers

2023-12-01T02:01:50+00:00

A welder is anyone, amateur or professional, who uses welding equipment. A metalsmith who specialize input the ingredients together and usually metal. In carrying out their work, workers will be constantly exposed to high-intensity welding light. Welding workers who do not use proper eye protection can experience direct effects from welding. This literature review is a literature review that uses the method of searching articles in databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar and manual searches which are then analyzed as many as 10 of the 137 journals obtained. The results showed that the most common use of eye protection was welding goggles with the highest prevalence of eye protection in welding workers, namely 98.4%. The prevalence of complaints in the eyes of welders with the largest prevalence is 74.5%. Welders experience eye complaints in the form of watery eyes, red eyes, eye strain, corneal injuries, and conjunctival disorders and presbyopia. The immediate effect that often occurs is in the form of complaints of watery eyes and then experiencing red eyes.

Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 Inhibitors: Topical Use in Various Dermatoses

2024-07-17T03:38:32+00:00

Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of pruritus and pain. TRPV1 inhibitors can reduce the sensation of itching and pain by blocking nociceptive signals from peripheral nerve fibers to the central nervous system. Topical TRPV1 inhibitors is also thought to improve skin barrier function. Therefore, TRPV1 inhibitors are considered as potential therapy in various dermatoses. Topical TRPV1 inhibitors that are currently being studied are asivatrep for atopic dermatitis and trans-4-tert-butylcyclohexanol for various dermatoses associated with sensitive skin. Further studies with better quality and longer duration are needed to assess the efficacy and safety profile of TRPV1 inhibitors.

Risk Factors for Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly

2024-08-14T04:44:15+00:00

Individuals aged sixty years or older who require more care are referred to as seniors. Urinary incontinence in the elderly is a common problem. Uncontrolled urine production is known as urinary incontinence. Elderly people often experience this health problem. As we age, pelvic muscles weaken, resulting in changes in the anatomical function of the urinary tract organs and an increased risk of urinary incontinence. The aim of the research is to review related research on risk factors for urinary incontinence in the elderly. This research uses literature study. Where using a search for journals in Indonesian and English for 2013 - 2023 which was carried out using the WHO, PubMed, NCBI databases with the keywords Urinary incontinence in the elderly and found 10 journals selected according to the inclusion criteria with elderly subjects ≥ 45 years, cross sectional design and descriptive. The results show that urinary incontinence in the elderly has a significant relationship with risk factors for urinary incontinence such as diabetes, smoking, vaginal delivery and quality of life in the elderly. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between the two variables and most studies show that urinary incontinence is an important factor that can cause stress in the elderly.

Chest X-Ray Overview and Distribution of Pathogenic Bacteria in Pneumonia

2024-02-25T06:12:03+00:00

Pneumonia is an acute infectious or inflammatory disease that affects the lung parenchyma which can be caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and fungi. This study aims to determine the chest x-ray picture and the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in pneumonia patients, as well as to look at the chest x-ray picture of certain pathogens. The method in this study is to search for articles via Google Scholar and Pubmed. The results showed that the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in pneumonia cases varied, but the most common bacteria that cause pneumonia were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumonia. On chest x-rays, the chest x-ray images obtained are quite diverse, and the commonly found results are consolidation, infiltrates and pleural effusion. In patients with pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, the chest x-ray picture that is often found is lobar pneumonia or lobar consolidation.

Literature Review: Potential of the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome in Regenerative Therapy of Fibrosis Lung Disease

2024-08-06T04:21:31+00:00

Fibrosis lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute lung injury and post-Covid 19 fibrosis lung disease are considered as major health problems in the last decade. Cellular therapy with Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) offers a novel therapeutic approach for fibrosis lung disease associated with anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, regenerative, pro-angiogenic and anti-fibrotic properties. Such therapeutic effects may be attributed to the MSC-secretome, which is made of free soluble proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs). This review summarises some recent literature findings related to the efficacy and safety of MSC-derived products in pre-clinical models of lung diseases, demonstrating the biologically active substances contained in the MSC-secretome and its mechanisms involved in tissue regeneration. A perspective view is given on the secretome being a high-quality, safe and effective medicinal product,

Pharmacotherapy Study Of Albendazole And Mebendazole For Soil Transmitted Helminths Infections In Children

2024-03-01T06:41:42+00:00

Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) infection is a nematode infection of the intestine that requires soil for its transmission. The worms that cause Soil Transmitted Helminths infection include; Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale. The incidence of STH infection is quite high with the highest spread of STH infection in the child age group. Treatment of cases of STH infection is by administering antihelmintic drugs or worming drugs. Although there are four The drugs recommended by WHO, only the two drugs most often used in the treatment of STH infections, namely albendazole and mebendazole. Both drugs have been used for more than 30 years, but cases of STH infection still have a high incidence. That is why this literature review was written aims to describe the efficacy of the two drugs for STH infection in children so that their effectiveness can be assessed.The research method used was a literature review, a literature search was sourced from Proquest, Google scholar, Pubmed, Elsevier and Europe PMC. keywords Albendazole, Mebendazole, Soil Transmitted Helminths Infections, Children. There are 10 selected literatures to be studied in this literature review. The results showed that albendazole had satisfactory efficacy in STH infections caused by Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworms, but reduced efficacy in Trichuris trichiura worms. Mebendazole has satisfactory efficacy in STH infections caused by Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura, but reduced efficacy in hookworms. Albendazole and mebendazole does not cause side effects.

Current Management of Fluorometholone Steroids in Pediatric Vernal Conjunctivitis: A Literature Review

2024-04-05T06:41:53+00:00

Vernal conjunctivitis is a rare allergic eye disease, usually affecting children in the prepubertal years and can last between 5 to 10 years. Treatment of this condition is often challenging, requiring effective therapies to reduce symptoms. This literature review, conducted between 2015 and 2023, aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fluorometholone steroid use in the treatment of pediatric vernal conjunctivitis. Recent studies comparing the effectiveness of Fluorometholone 0.1% in the treatment of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) were analyzed. The results showed that Fluorometholone was effective compared to Cyclosporine in reducing VKC symptoms. However, the use of Fluorometholone should be done with caution due to potential side effects such as increased intraocular pressure and risk of infection.Fluorometholone is an effective treatment option for vernal conjunctivitis in children. However, it is important to have close monitoring by an ophthalmologist to avoid serious side effects. With careful monitoring and proper dose adjustment, Fluorometholone can be a safe and effective therapy in managing this condition.

Potential of Tepezza (Teprotumumab) in the Treatment of Active Thyroid Eye Disease (TED)

2024-01-23T05:09:11+00:00

Abstract

Active Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is a medical condition involving swelling of the muscles, tissues, and fats around the eyes. This can lead to serious symptoms including double vision and vision loss. Tepezza (Teprotumumab) is an innovative therapy that inhibits the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and has been approved for TED treatment. Teprotumumab works by reducing inflammation and TED symptoms. Pharmacokinetic studies indicate that this drug can be effectively administered via intravenous infusion. Various studies have shown that teprotumumab can significantly reduce proptosis, diplopia, and clinical activity of TED. This therapy has proven effective in various patient groups, including those with long-standing TED and those unresponsive to other treatments. Teprotumumab holds a promising breakthrough in TED management, improving the quality of life for individuals affected by this disease. Further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanism and potential of teprotumumab in TED treatment.

Ultrasound findings of Achilles Tendon Rupture

2024-07-10T02:09:35+00:00

Achilles tendon rupture is a condition where there is a tear in the Achilles tendon. Even though this tendon is the largest and strongest tendon, the Achilles tendon is the tendon that is most often damaged in the human body. This is often caused by sports activities and is often found in elderly men. 2,3

Ultrasound has an important role in diagnosing Achilles tendon rupture. This case report discusses a 63 year old man who experienced sudden pain in his ringht ankle during exercise. Then it appeared like a lump on the back of his leg. Then an ultrasound was performed and it was found that the Achilles tendon was discontinuous