Jurnal MedScientiae

The Role of Vitamin D in Viral Infection

Elli Arsita — 2026-04-30

Vitamin D deficiency occurs in almost 50% of the population worldwide. The role of vitamin D in the immune system can be seen in both innate and adaptive immunity. Coronavirus Disease 2019 or COVID-19 is a new type of disease that has never been previously identified by humans. Many efforts have been made to prevent the spread of COVID-19 such as consumption of vitamin D3. This literature review aims to determine the role of vitamin D3 in COVID-19 infection. Based on a literature review of 10 studies with primary data, this literature review shows that patients with vitamin D deficiency accompanied by COVID-19 infection have higher CRP levels, clinical severity, and mortality rates. The endocrine society recommends a daily dose of Vitamin D3 supplementation in the range of 1500-2000 IU/day for adolescent adults. The administration of a single high dose of vitamin D (200,000 IU) has been shown to be ineffective in accelerating the hospitalization of COVID-19 patients in hospitals. It can be concluded that low vitamin D levels are associated with high CRP. It has been proven that Vitamin D3 plays a role in reducing mortality, preventing cytokine storms, and preventing long COVID-19 because the dose, daily requirement, comorbidities, and vitamin D deficiency are different for each individual.

Bridging Theory and Practice: A Narrative Review of Early Clinical Exposure in Undergraduate Medical Education

Jodie Josephine — 2026-04-30

Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) has become an essential component of integrated medical curricula, aiming to bridge the long-standing divide between basic science teaching and clinical practice. This narrative review synthesised fourteen studies published in the past five years to examine the educational rationale, implementation models, and outcomes of ECE for undergraduate medical students. Evidence shows that ECE enhances integration of basic and clinical sciences, strengthens motivation, and supports early professional identity formation. Students also gain confidence and foundational clinical skills when ECE includes structured supervision and opportunities for guided practice. Different implementation models, hospital-based, classroom-integrated, community-based, and hybrid, offer distinct benefits aligned with specific learning mechanisms. However, substantial variability in programme design, supervision quality, and learning environments contributes to inconsistent outcomes. Common barriers include large cohort sizes, limited clinician availability, overcrowded clinical settings, and reliance on brief or observational exposure. These issues highlight a persistent gap between the strong theoretical foundations of ECE and its uneven practical execution. Optimising ECE requires intentional, longitudinal design; structured reflection; adequately prepared supervisors; and alignment with experiential, social, and contextual learning principles. When effectively implemented, ECE can serve as a transformative element of early medical training.

Grown Up with Congenital Heart Disease

Irvan Tanpomas — 2026-04-30

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a structural abnormality of the heart and/or great vessels present at birth that results in a range of adverse short- and long-term sequelae. Critical CHD is often fatal if left untreated, and effective surgical, catheter, and medical therapies have dramatically extended life expectancy. With advances in CHD survival, a major demographic shift has occurred, so that adults with CHD now outnumber children, even those with complex forms. Any cardiac defect that leads to the development of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) can lead to Eisenmenger syndrome. This condition is commonly seen in atrial septal defects (ASDs), ventricular septal defects (VSDs), atrioventricular septal defects, and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), but can also occur in more complex lesions. Eisenmenger syndrome is a multisystem disorder that requires a multidisciplinary approach in tertiary centers, where a diagnosis can be confirmed and a targeted treatment approach and timely management of cardiac and other organ complications can be provided.

Ocular Manifestations in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Santi Anugrahsari — 2026-04-30

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations, including ocular involvement. Ocular manifestations in SLE can affect both the anterior and posterior segments and are significantly associated with systemic disease activity. This review aims to comprehensively examine current scientific literature related to ocular manifestations in SLE patients, including the clinical spectrum, diagnostic modalities, correlation with systemic disease activity, and the impact of therapeutic toxicity, particularly hydroxychloroquine. A systematic literature review was conducted based on 30 peer-reviewed scientific articles published within the past five years. Inclusion criteria included English-language publications involving diagnosed SLE patients with ocular involvement. Articles were analyzed based on the type of ocular manifestation, diagnostic methods, association with systemic parameters, and the imaging technology employed. The most commonly reported manifestations were lupus retinopathy, retinal vasculitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and hydroxychloroquine-induced maculopathy. Advanced imaging modalities such as Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) played a key role in detecting retinal involvement, even at subclinical stages. Hydroxychloroquine toxicity remains a major concern, especially in patients with systemic risk factors and inadequate retinal monitoring. Ocular involvement in SLE serves as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic indicator. Early detection and regular monitoring using advanced imaging technologies are essential strategies to prevent irreversible vision loss and assess lupus systemic activity. A multidisciplinary approach involving both rheumatologists and ophthalmologists is crucial in the holistic management of SLE patients.

Association Between Online Gaming, Dietary Patterns, and Nutritional Status Among Medical Students Class Of 2024

Paul Immanuel Adi — 2026-04-30

The rapid expansion of online gaming among university students may influence dietary patterns, nutritional status, sleep patterns, and physical activity, which are critical for long-term health. This study was motivated by concerns that online game addiction could be associated with malnutrition and sedentary behavior among medical students. The aim of this research is to determine the association between online game addiction and dietary patterns, nutritional status, sleep patterns, and physical activity among medical students of Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana class of 2024. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted involving 80 medical students selected using nonprobability purposive sampling based on predefined inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods with Chi-Square or Fisher Exact tests at a significance level of p<0.05. Online game addiction was not associated with meal frequency p 0.746, food variety p 0.896, or sleep patterns p=0.706. A borderline association was found with nutritional status p=0.051, and a significant association was observed with physical activity p=0.036. Online game addiction among these medical students appeared to be more closely related to nutritional status and physical activity than to dietary and sleep patterns.

Characteristics of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients at Tarakan Hospital Jakarta in 2025

Tobias Djaja — 2026-04-30

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a growing global health problem, and understanding patient characteristics is essential for improving clinical management. This descriptive study analyzed 131 medical records of CKD patients at Tarakan General Hospital in 2025. Most patients were male (54.2%), with the largest age group being 60–70 years (29.8%) and the most common occupation being homemakers (32.1%). CKD stage 5 was the most prevalent (84.4%), and 67.2% of these patients underwent hemodialysis. The most common risk factor was hypertension (68.7%), followed by cardiovascular disease (51.1%) and diabetes mellitus (46.6%). The majority of patients had anemia (78.6%; mean hemoglobin 9.2 g/dL), normal potassium levels (55.7%), and low bicarbonate levels (66.4%). These findings provide a comprehensive overview of CKD patient characteristics at Tarakan General Hospital and can serve as a basis for improving clinical care and guiding future research.

Analysis of the Effect of Water Type on Beef Spoilage

Imelda Margaretha Irab — 2026-04-30

Decomposition is a natural process that occurs as soon as the physiological functions of the body cease, at a rate that is influenced by the condition of the body and the environment in which it is located. This study is a descriptive experimental study with a cross-sectional approach that aims to describe the effect of different types of water media, namely fresh water, brackish water, and sea water, on the process of beef spoilage. Air media was used as a comparison control group. The results showed that beef spoilage took place fastest in brackish water media, followed by fresh water, sea water, and slowest in closed air media. Decomposition in closed air media is inhibited due to low humidity, which triggers desiccation and natural mummification. The remaining connective tissue underwent slower decomposition due to the structural stability of collagen which is more resistant to enzymatic degradation. Different types of media significantly affected the rate of beef spoilage, in the order of fastest in brackish water, followed by freshwater, seawater, and slowest in closed air. This finding shows that the old rule of thumb does not always apply, because the rate of spoilage is more determined by environmental characteristics, especially salinity, pH, and water activity that affect the process of autolysis and tissue degradation.

Clinical Risk Factors Associated with Kidney Stones in Adult Patients at Tarakan Regional General Hospital

Mega Indira Rajan Putri — 2026-04-30

Kidney stones are a common health probem that can cause various complications. Various clinical factors are thought to play a role in the occurrence of kidney stones, particularly metabolic conditions and urinary tract disorders. This study aims to analyze the relationship between diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, urinary tract infections, and urinary tract obstruction with the occurrence of kidney stones in adult patients. This study is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design using medical record data of adult patients at Tarakan Central Hospital in Central Jakarta. Data analysis was performed univariately, bivariately using the Chi-Square test, and multivariately using binary logistic regression. The results of the analysis showed that hypertension and diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with the occurrence of kidney stones. Hypertension was the most dominant factor with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.924 (95% CI: 1.249–12.330), while diabetes mellitus had an OR of 3.860 (95% CI: 1.259–11.850). Obesity and urinary tract infection did not show a statistically significant association. It can be concluded that hypertension and diabetes mellitus are risk factors associated with kidney stones in adult patients, with hypertension being the dominant factor.

Comparison of Hypertension Proportions Among Obese and Non-Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at UKRIDA Hospital

Naomi Massie — 2026-04-30

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health burden with rising prevalence and complications, including hypertension as a key comorbidity that increases cardiovascular risk in both obese and non-obese patients. This study aimed to analyze differences in hypertension proportions between obese and non-obese T2DM patients at UKRIDA Hospital from January 2022 to May 2025 and to describe variations by age and gender. Using a comparative analytical cross-sectional design and total sampling, the study included 348 eligible patients. Data were analyzed using the Pearson Chi-square test, revealing a significant association between nutritional status and hypertension (p = 0.024; OR = 1.656; φ = 0.121). Obese T2DM patients were 1.6 times more likely to develop hypertension than non-obese ones, though the relationship was weak. Hypertension prevalence was similar across age (<65 and ≥65 years) and gender groups. In conclusion, hypertension was common in both obese and non-obese T2DM patients, suggesting that factors beyond obesity contribute to elevated blood pressure in this population.

Association between Comorbidities and Mortality with Survival Analysis in Stage IV Breast Cancer Patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital

Maria Benedictin Sandhi Cahyani — 2026-04-30

Breast cancer is a major global health concern, having the highest prevalence and ranking fifth in cancer-related mortality worldwide. However, data regarding mortality among breast cancer patients with and without comorbidities remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between comorbidities and mortality, as well as to analyze the survival of stage IV breast cancer patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital during the period 2020–2022. This study employed an observational analysis with a retrospective case–control design. Bivariate statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and the Mann–Whitney U test. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test. There were 271 samples that met the inclusion criteria. The majority of patients were early elderly (46–55 years old) and female. Based on the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), most patients had severe comorbidities with a CCI score ≥ 5 (65,7%), and 48,3% of patients experienced mortality. The results showed a significant association between comorbidities and mortality in stage IV breast cancer patients (ρ = 0,00), with survival probability decreasing over time (ρ = 0,00). Patients without comorbidities had a higher probability of survival compared to those with comorbidities.

A Comparative Study Between Magnesium Sulfate-Nifedipine and Isoxsuprine-Nifedipine in Managing Preterm Labor

Antonius Antonius — 2026-04-30

Preterm labor, defined as the onset of labor before 37 weeks of gestation, is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Effective management strategies are essential to delay delivery and improve neonatal outcomes. This study aims to compare the effectiveness and safety of Magnesium Sulfate-Nifedipine and Isoxsuprine-Nifedipine in managing preterm labor, focusing on success rates of tocolysis, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and associated side effects. A prospective randomized trial was conducted at Tangerang City General Hospital, involving 64 pregnant women with preterm labor. Participants were divided into two groups: Group 1 (Magnesium Sulfate-Nifedipine) and Group 2 (Isoxsuprine-Nifedipine), with 32 patients in each. Magnesium Sulfate-Nifedipine showed a significantly higher success rate of tocolysis (93.75%) compared to Isoxsuprine-Nifedipine (81.25%; p=0.002). In cases with cervical dilatation >1 cm, success rates were 90.0% for Group 1 and 44.4% for Group 2 (p=0.033). Similarly, for effacement >25%, success rates were 85.7% for Group 1 versus 16.7% for Group 2 (p=0.009). None showed cardiovascular side effects such as tachycardia or hypotension. Magnesium Sulfate-Nifedipine shows superior efficacy in treating preterm labor, especially in patients with advanced cervical changes. Both regimens were safe, with minimal side effects.

The Relationship between the Quality and Quantity of Antenatal Care Services and the Incidence of Stunting in Children Aged 0-59 Months in the Tambayoli Community Health Center Work Area in 2023

Inneke Kusumawati Susanto — 2026-04-30

The Indonesian government is targeting a reduction in the prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age to 14% by 2024. The Ministry of Health is focusing on eleven stunting intervention programs, one of which is antenatal care (ANC) services. Central Sulawesi Province recorded a stunting prevalence of 28.2%, with a coverage of six ANC visits reaching 70.67%. This study aims to analyze the relationship between risk factors for ANC quality and quantity and the incidence of stunting in children aged 0-59 months in the Tambayoli Community Health Center (Puskesmas) working area during 2023. This observational, analytical study with a cross-sectional design used a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires. Data analysis used the Spearman Rank correlation test with a significance level of p<0.05. The study findings indicate a significant association between ANC quality and stunting incidence (p=0.000; OR 11.28; 95%CI 3.74-33.97). Similarly, the quantity of ANC visits was also significantly associated with stunting (p=0.001; OR 5.46; 95%CI 2.02-14.78). There was a significant association between the quality and quantity of ANC visits and the incidence of stunting in children under 5 years of age in the Tambayoli Community Health Center (Puskesmas) work area. This finding supports stunting intervention programs that emphasize optimizing ANC services. Several previous studies have examined the relationship between ANC visits and stunting, but there has been a paradigm shift from the standard minimum of four to six visits.

The Use of Antibiotics in Septic Adult Patients at X Hospital Jakarta

Donna Mesina Rosadini Pasaribu — 2026-04-30

Sepsis is a collection of symptoms that occur as a result of an overreaction of the human immune response caused by microbes. Sepsis can progress to septic shock and if it persists accompanied by decreased immunity can cause death. Antibiotic therapy should be given as soon as the diagnosis, starting with empiric antibiotics which are then adjusted according to clinical response or culture results. This study aims to describe the use of antibiotics in RSUD X Jakarta, in adult sepsis cases. The research method is descriptive observational with consecutive sampling in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection was obtained through medical records of patients diagnosed with sepsis. The results showed that the most patients sepsis were aged less than 60 years, there were 51%, men 53%, the length of stay was less than 10 days, 62% and 55% patients had no comorbidities. The focus of infection was mostly in the lungs 38%, patients who sampled the most monotherapy antibiotics were Ceftriaxone 51.1%, the most combination use was Levofloxacin and Meropenem 21.1%, and the longest duration of antibiotic use less than 7 days with Ceftriaxone 43 (53.75%). There were 64 people (64%) of these sepsis patients died. The study concluded that the focus of infection in sepsis patients was mostly in the lungs, men aged less than 60 years, without any comorbid disease, length of stay less than 10 days. The choice of antibiotic monotherapy for septic patients, given Ceftriaxone, for combination therapy given Levofloxacin and Meropenem antibiotics.

Description of Treatment Compliance of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Pulmonary Polyclinic of Tarakan Regional Hospital, Central Jakarta

Tresya Alviana — 2026-04-30

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health challenge in Indonesia, particularly in urban areas such as Central Jakarta. This study aims to describe medication adherence among pulmonary TB patients at the Pulmonary Clinic of Tarakan Regional General Hospital, Central Jakarta, during January–December 2023. The study design was descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. The study sample consisted of 122 outpatients who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Probabilistic Medication Adherence Scale (ProMAS) questionnaire and medical records, then analyzed univariately using SPSS. The results showed that the majority of respondents were male (57.38%), adults (73.77%), and most had a Medication Swallowing Supervisor (82.61%). The level of medication adherence was low, with 53.32% of patients having low adherence, 46.72% having moderate adherence, and none achieving high adherence. Factors influencing adherence included knowledge of treatment for at least 6 months (84.4%), high motivation to recover and self-confidence (≥96.7%), very strong family support (>95%), good distance access to health facilities for some respondents, and the educational and supportive role of health workers/PMOs. These findings indicate that health education interventions, strengthening the role of families, increasing patient motivation, and optimizing PMO supervision are still needed to achieve optimal adherence levels, so that the success of TB therapy and elimination can be maximized.

The Effect Of Coffee Consumption On Sleep Quality Among Fk Ukrida Students Class Of 2021

Ariel Benaya Pandensolang — 2026-04-30

Coffee is often consumed by students to enhance concentration and stamina; however, its caffeine content is known to affect sleep quality. This study aims to examine the relationship between coffee consumption and sleep quality among medical students of Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana (FK UKRIDA), class of 2021. This research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach involving 130 students as respondents. Data were collected using a coffee consumption questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed that 68.5% of respondents experienced poor sleep quality, and there was a significant relationship between both the amount (p = 0.000) and duration (p = 0.001) of coffee consumption and sleep quality. It was found that consuming more than two cups per day and drinking coffee for more than two months were correlated with decreased sleep quality. In conclusion, excessive and prolonged coffee consumption significantly affects the decline in sleep quality among students, indicating the need for better education on mindful coffee intake.

Prevalence of CVS Among Valorant Players in the Indonesian Valorant Community in 2024

Jenifer Kalayukin — 2026-04-30

The rapid growth of the online gaming industry, especially first-person shooter games like Valorant, has led to increased screen time among teenagers and young adults. Prolonged exposure to digital devices can cause eye health issues collectively known as Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). Computer Vision Syndrome encompasses symptoms such as eye strain, blurred vision, headaches, and dry eyes. This study aims to determine the prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome among Valorant players in the Indonesian Valorant Community and to identify contributing factors associated with Computer Vision Syndrome symptoms. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 102 respondents from the High Velocity (HIVE) Community, a part of the Indonesian Valorant Community. Data were collected via an online questionnaire and analyzed using univariate statistical methods. A total of 85.3% of participants reported experiencing Computer Vision Syndrome symptoms. Most respondents with Computer Vision Syndrome were male, with an average age of 21.63 years, and had a university-level education. Longer screen time, improper viewing distance, and refractive errors were significantly associated with the occurrence of Computer Vision Syndrome. Computer Vision Syndrome is a prevalent issue among Valorant players in Indonesia. Education on visual ergonomics, regulated screen time, and regular eye examinations are essential to reduce Computer Vision Syndrome risk.

Prevalence Suspected Amblyopia (Lazy Eye) at SDN 11 and 17 Kebon Jeruk, West Jakarta 2025

Dede Hidayat — 2026-04-30

Amblyopia or "lazy eye" is a visual impairment due to abnormal visual development in childhood. If not treated early, it can cause permanent visual acuity loss. The main causes are uncorrected refractive errors and strabismus. Routine examinations at school are important to detect and prevent long-term impacts. To determine the prevalence of suspected amblyopia in students of SDN 11 and 17 Kebon Jeruk, West Jakarta, and its distribution based on age, gender, type, and clinical classification of amblyopia. This study used a descriptive analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. Of the 840 students, 792 met the inclusion criteria through total sampling. The examination included visual acuity (Snellen Chart), refractive status (autorefractor), and identification of the type and classification of amblyopia. It was found that 108 children (13.6%) were identified as suspected amblyopia. The proportion of cases was higher in girls (54.6%) than boys (45.4%). The age with the highest number of cases was 10 years (23.1%), followed by 7 years (21.3%). Based on the type, 53.7% were classified as anisometropic amblyopia and 46.3% were isometropic. In terms of classification, the majority (99.1%) were refractive amblyopia and only 0.9% were deprivation amblyopia.

The Relationship Between Sitting Posture And Sitting Duration With Low Back Pain

Haliya Nida Miliantara — 2026-04-30

LBP (Low Back Pain) represents a significant ergonomic problem with economic consequences due to decreased worker productivity. Previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the relationship between sitting posture and sitting duration with LBP incidence. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between sitting posture and sitting duration with LBP incidence among employees of the Social Services Department of DKI Jakarta Province. Methods: This descriptive analytic study with cross-sectional approach involved 39 employees selected using consecutive sampling technique. Data collection utilized the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) to measure LBP and RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) to evaluate sitting posture ergonomics. Data analysis employed Pearson Chi-Square test. Results: The majority of respondents experienced LBP (61.5%), with 41% having low-risk sitting postures and 54.1% with prolonged sitting duration. Bivariate analysis showed significant relationships between sitting posture and LBP (p=0.000) and sitting duration and LBP (p=0.000). Among respondents experiencing LBP, 87.5% had moderate-high risk sitting postures and 95.8% had prolonged sitting duration. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between sitting posture and sitting duration with LBP incidence among employees. Ergonomic education, workplace environment modifications, and regular stretching programs are recommended to prevent and reduce LBP incidence among office workers.

Relationship between Severity Level (Grading) of Senile Cataract Disease and Depression Level in Cataract Patients

Siyamto Siyamto — 2026-04-30

The aging population in Indonesia accompanied by a demographic dividend has caused an increase in the elderly population. The aging process can usually be accompanied by a decrease in visual sensory disorders with senile cataracts. The presence of senile cataracts can cause depressive disorders that have an impact on the mental health of the elderly. Purpose to determine the relationship between the severity (grading) of senile cataract disease with the level of depression in diagnosis of senile cataracts patiens at the UKRIDA Hospital in Jakarta. Method is a correlational analysis study using primary and secondary data from patients with a diagnosis of senile cataracts with an accidental sampling technique. Data analysis using the Gamma Correlation test. The study with 72 patient sample and found an average age of 68 years with grade 1 senile cataract disorders of 44 people (61.1%). Patients with senile cataracts with mild depressive disorders of 41 people (56.9%) Conclusions are the correlation between the severity (grading) of senile cataracts and the level of depression in elderly patients is not significant or does not have a significant relationship with a p-value 0,400. A correlation value of 0,200 indicates a positive correlation with a very weak and meaningless correlation strength.