Jurnal MedScientiae

The Astigmatism Profile Overview of Visitors to Optik X

Muhammad Ilham Prihanto, Michael Indra Lesmana, Johannes Hudyono — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Astigmatism is a common refractive error that can affect visual quality. Understanding the profile of astigmatism is essential to provide accurate vision correction. Purpose : describe the astigmatism profile based on age, gender, type of astigmatism, and meridian axis among visitors of Optik Melawai Living World Alam Sutera in 2025. Methods: This is a descriptive quantitative study using a cross-sectional design. The study involved 146 randomly selected participants who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected through subjective refraction examinations using a phoropter and Snellen chart. Results : Astigmatism was most commonly found in females (54.8%) and in the 22-27 years age group (30.8%). The most common type of astigmatism was Compound Myopic Astigmatism, found in 71.2% of both right and left eyes. The dominant meridian axis was With the Rule in 51.3% of cases in both eyes. Conclusion: Compound Myopic Astigmatism and With the Rule meridian axis are the most common astigmatism profiles found among visitors at Optik Melawai Living World Alam Sutera in 2025. Careful refraction examinations and good communication between examiner and patient are essential to ensure accurate measurement results.

The Effect of Sleep Quality on Menstrual Cycle among Class of 2023 Medical Students

Tan Shi Wei, Marcel Antoni, Flora Rumiati, Heriyanto Heriyanto, Rickie Rickie — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Sleep quality plays an essential role in maintaining overall health, including the proper function of the reproductive system, which is influenced by sex hormones and circadian rhythm regulation. Medical students frequently encounter high academic demands that may disrupt their sleep patterns. Previous research has suggested a possible association between sleep quality and menstrual cycle characteristics; however, findings have been inconsistent. This study aimed to examine the relationship between sleep quality and menstrual cycle regularity among female medical students from the 2023 at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana. A descriptive-analytic design with a cross-sectional approach was applied. Data were obtained through total sampling in November 2024 using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire to assess sleep quality and a self-reported menstrual cycle history. Of 67 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 51 (76.2%) reported poor sleep quality, while 16 (23.8%) had good sleep quality. Furthermore, 40 participants (59.7%) had normal menstrual cycles, and 27 (40.3%) reported irregular cycles. Statistical analysis revealed no significant association between sleep quality and menstrual cycle regularity (p = 0.794) among these students.

Risk Factors Associated with Pneumonia Mortality in ICU Patients at UKRIDA, 2021–2024

Henny Tannady Tan, Suparto Suparto, Irvan Tanpomas, Caesarvio Alfasada — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Pneumonia is an acute infection of the respiratory tract and lung tissue caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Pneumonia can occur at any age and has a high health concern due to its mortality rate and complications. Mortality in pneumonia is influenced by several factors. This study was conducted to determine the risk factors for pneumonia mortality specifically in the intensive care unit of Krida Wacana University Hospital (UKRIDA). A retrospective cohort study was conducted at UKRIDA Hospital using medical records as the data source. The analysis was conducted using the chi-square test. This study involved 122 participants. The results of the analysis showed that there was an association between history of heart disease and mortality of pneumonia patients (p-value 0.014) but age, gender, smoking history, history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and history of cancer were not associated with mortality of pneumonia patients (p-value > 0.05). Screening and close monitoring need to be done in community pneumonia patients with a history of heart disease for proper management and lower mortality rates.

The Relationship Between Compliance with Personal Protective Equipment Use and Complaints of Hand Contact Dermatitis Among Finishing Workers at Paper Factory X, Serang, 2025

Diana Rotua Puspita Ekasari Kurniawan, Johannes Hudyono, Susanty Dewi Winata — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Contact dermatitis is a skin disorder resulting from direct exposure to irritants or allergens in the workplace. This study aims to determine the relationship between compliance with personal protective equipment (PPE) use and hand contact dermatitis complaints among finishing workers at Paper Factory X, Serang. The study also explores the prevalence of contact dermatitis, PPE compliance levels, and the distribution of worker characteristics. This study used quantitative analytic, a cross-sectional design and was conducted from January to March 2025, involving 88 purposively selected respondents. Data were obtained through questionnaires and medical examinations, then analyzed using the Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact tests. The prevalence of hand contact dermatitis complaints was 7.8%, mainly found among workers over 30 years old (78.9%), with more than 5 years of service (83.3%), and contact duration of ≤8 hours (94.4%). Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between contact duration and PPE compliance with dermatitis complaints (p-value 0,000), while age and work duration showed no significant association. It is recommended to improve routine OHS education, ensure the availability of proper PPE, and evaluate existing safety programs to enhance worker protection

Overview of the Prevalence of Binocular Vision Disorders in Preschool Children at PAUD TAT Al-Arif K-Yana, Bina Keluarga Balita( BKB) Mawar Calistung, dan TK Islam Al-Amin

Wasti Mariana, Desi Hartati Silaen, Michael Indra Lesmana — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Binocular vision disorders in early childhood can affect visual development and learning ability. This study aims to determine the characteristics and prevalence of binocular vision disorders in preschool children at PAUD TAT Al-Arif K-Yana, BKB Mawar Calistung, and TK Islam Al-Amin. The study was conducted on 122 children aged 3–7 years using a quantitative descriptive design. The majority of respondents were female (58.2%) and aged between 5 and 6 years. Refraction test results showed that emmetropia was the most common condition in the right eye (61.5%) and left eye (60.7%). The Hirschberg test revealed that 13.9% of the children had exotropia, while 86.1% had a central and symmetrical light reflex. No heterophoria abnormalities were found, either at distance or near vision. This study highlights the importance of early screening to detect binocular vision disorders in preschool children so that early intervention can be carried out to prevent future visual developmental problems

The Prevalence of Refractive Errors Among Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in Pondok Aren, 2025

Dian Putra, Johannes Hudyono, Aswin Oktavian Hasudungan Simatupang — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Refractive errors are visual impairments that can reduce quality of life and occupational safety, particularly in online motorcycle taxi drivers who rely heavily on visual acuity. A lack of routine eye examinations often leads to undetected conditions. To determine the prevalence of refractive errors and their distribution based on gender, age, and type of refractive error among online motorcycle taxi drivers. This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design. A total of 120 respondents were selected using stratified random sampling based on age groups. Visual acuity was assessed using a Snellen chart and trial lenses. The majority of respondents were male (83.3%) and aged 20–30 years (40%). The most common refractive error in the right eye was compound myopic astigmatism (28.3%), while in the left eye it was myopia (22.5%). Refractive errors are commonly found among online motorcycle taxi drivers, with combination types such as compound myopic astigmatism being the most dominant.

The Prevalence of Uncorrected Refractive Errors in Primary School-Aged Children

Ardi Supriyanto, Mirza Indrajanti, Inggrid Osya FarFar — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Refractive errors are one of the leading causes of visual impairment in children. If left uncorrected, these conditions can interfere with learning processes and overall child development. Objective: To determine the prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors among students at SDN 11 Pagi and SDN 17 Kebon Jeruk, West Jakarta, in 2025. Methods: This study employed a descriptive quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 700 students who met the inclusion criteria were examined using a Snellen chart and a trial lens set. Results: The study found that 53.7% of students had uncorrected refractive errors. Astigmatism was the most common type, followed by compound myopic astigmatism and myopia. Conclusion: Refractive errors were more prevalent among female students (27.4%) compared to male students (26.3%), with the highest prevalence found in first and sixth-grade students. This study highlights the importance of early detection and routine vision screening among elementary school children to prevent long-term visual impairment.

The Differences in DEQ-5 Results Between DM and Non-DM Patients in the Age of 45-80 Years at Ukrida Hospital

Aji Nur Hidayat, Michael Indra Lesmana, Kristian Goenawan — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Dry eye syndrome is a common complaint, especially in the elderly and people with diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetes can affect the quality and stability of the tear film. Subjective assessment using the Dry Eye Questionnaire-5 (DEQ-5) is often used to screen for dry eye symptoms. Purpose: To determine the differences in DEQ-5 scores between DM and non-DM patients aged 45–80 years at Ukrida Hospital. Method: This study used an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 200 respondents divided between DM and non-DM patients. Data collection was carried out by distributing the DEQ-5 questionnaire, and the results were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Results: A total of 30.5% of respondents experienced dry eye symptoms. There was no significant difference in DEQ-5 scores between DM and non-DM groups (p = 0.746), or in the age subgroups <55 years (p = 0.846) and >56 years (p = 1.000). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in DEQ-5 scores between DM and non-DM patients aged 45–80 years. Other factors such as glycemic control, duration of DM, and use of topical therapy may also affect dry eye symptoms.

Histologic and Clinical Appearance of Urothelial Carcinoma at One of Jakarta Barat Private Hospital in 2021–2023

Andri Lesmana, Shintia Christina, Fanny Indarto, Freciyana Boedijono — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Urothelial carcinoma is a type of cancer that can occur in organs lined with urothelial cells, specifically in the urinary tract. Globally, in 2022, bladder cancer accounted for 3% of all cancer cases. Objective to determine the clinical and histopathological characteristics of urothelial carcinoma patients at a private hospital in West Jakarta from 2021 to 2023. This study is a descriptive study with a retrospective approach conducted at a private hospital in West Jakarta. The sample size was determined using the consecutive sampling technique, resulting in a total of 40 samples. The highest number of urothelial carcinoma cases was recorded in 2021, with 21 cases (52.5%). In this study, 14 cases (35.0%) were found in the 60-69 age group. The most common clinical complaint was gross hematuria, observed in 34 samples (85.0%). Histopathological examination showed that the most frequent pathological stage was pT1, found in 14 samples (35.0%), while the most common pathological grading was high grade, observed in 29 samples (72.5%). The incidence of urothelial carcinoma at a private hospital in West Jakarta from 2021 to 2023 was 40 cases, with gross hematuria being the most common clinical complaint. The highest incidence was in the 60-69 age group. The most frequent pathological stage was pT1, and the most common pathological grading was high grade.

Relationship of BMI, Fat Percentage, and Waist Circumference with Menopausal Symptoms in Perimenopausal at Semper Village Recitation

Monica Yulianti, Shelly Franciska, Luciana Budi Sutanto, Gracia JMT Winaktu — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Nutritional status, such as Body Mass Index (BMI), body fat percentage, and waist circumference, are important indicators related to body composition. Increased body fat can trigger hormonal imbalances that affect the severity of menopausal symptoms. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and the severity of menopausal symptoms among 135 respondents selected purposively in May 2025. This study employed an observational cross-sectional design and statistical analysis using the chi-square test (p < 0.05). The results showed that the majority of respondents were classified as obese based on body fat percentage (77%) and waist circumference (81.5%). Menopausal symptoms were generally in the moderate category (40%), mild (20.7%), and severe (11.9%). There was a significant association between excessive nutritional status and the severity of menopausal symptoms. In conclusion, excessive nutritional status is associated with increased severity of menopausal symptoms.

The Effect of Nutritional Status on Academic Achievement Ignatius Slamet Riyadi Cijantung Senior High School

Dini Angela Pancarani, Idawati Karjadidjaja — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Nutrition is one of the factors that determine the quality of human being. If the intake of nutritious food is lacking or excessive, especially in children and adolescents, it will result in health problems that will lead to low academic achievement and reduce the quality of human being. This study aims to determine the relationship between nutritional status and academic achievement of Ignatius Slamet Riyadi High School students, Cijantung. This research is an analytic-observational study with a cross-sectional design with a sample size of 194 students. This study was conducted on students of Ignatius Slamet Riyadi High School, Cijantung, grades X to XII in January 2025. The data collected consisted of taking the weight and height of students and filling out questionnaires about factors that affect nutritional status with academic achievement in the form of average report card scores in the previous semester. Calculation of nutritional status using the CDC 2000 growth chart. It was found that students who had normal nutritional status and had good academic achievement were 67 people (88.2%) while those who had abnormal nutritional status and had fair academic achievement were 22 people (18.6%).Test analysis of the relationship between variables using Fisher's Exact Test obtained (p > 0,288) and PRR value = 1.574. From the results of this study, there was no significant relationship between nutritional status and academic performance in Ignatius Slamet Riyadi Cijantung High School students

Association Between Family History and the Incidence of Vitiligo in Patients at Mayapada Hospital Tangerang, 2019–2024

Nathasya Sirait, Sukmawati Tansil Tan — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the loss of melanocytes, leading to the appearance of white patches on the skin. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between family history and parental consanguinity with the clinical manifestations of vitiligo. A cross-sectional descriptive-analytic design was used, involving 197 vitiligo patients at Mayapada Hospital Tangerang from 2019 to 2024. Data were collected through medical records and structured questionnaires, then analyzed using the Chi-Square test and Odds Ratio calculations. The most common clinical types were vulgaris (33.0%) and universalis (32.0%). A total of 46.7% of respondents had a family history of vitiligo, and 21.8% had parents with a consanguineous relationship. A statistically significant association was found between family history and clinical type (p = 0.042), and a highly significant association between parental consanguinity and family history of vitiligo (p < 0.001). The Odds Ratio of 7.241 indicated that parental consanguinity considerably increases the risk of vitiligo occurring within families. These findings suggest that genetic factors play a substantial role in the clinical expression of vitiligo.

Prevalence and risk factors of pediculosis capitis in Duri Kepa 11 state elementary school, West Jakarta

Monica Puspa Sari, Inggrid Far-Far, Jasmine Harumi Sabini — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Pediculosis capitis is a head lice disease because it causes discomfort to sufferers in the world. The disease can affect all ages and especially elementary school children. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of pediculosis capitis and risk factors for infestation in children at SDN Duri Kepa 11, West Jakarta. The research method was observational analytic with a cross sectional approach conducted in November 2023. The sample size of the study was 323 samples with a total sampling technique. Head lice examination was carried out visually and using a lice comb. Samples responses were collected through questionnaires. Bivariate data analysis was carried out using SPSS 25. The prevalence of pediculosis capitis in children at SDN Duri Kepa 11 was 23,8%, higher in female students, certain classes and students with housewives. Factors related to pediculosis capitis infestation at SDN Duri Kepa 11 were gender (p value = 0,000), hair shape (p value = 0,004), frequency of hair washing (p value = 0,007) and use of shared combs and towels (p value = 0,000). The prevalence of pediculosis capitis in children aged 7-13 years at SDN Duri Kepa 11, west Jakarta is quite high so that prevention and treatment are needed so that the prevalence can be further reduced.

The Relationship Of Gadget Usage Duration Towards Sleep Quality Of Students SMAN 112 Jakrta Even Semester Academic Year 2022 2023

Farah Dwi Rizardina Mufida , Budiman Hartono, Diana Wijaya — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The use of gadgets in teenagers can’t be separated from the demands of education and entertainment, making teenagers the age group with the highest use of gadgets. Gadgets are also a risk factor that can affect sleep quality. Emission of blue light can disrupt the regulation of the work of the hormone melatonin in the human body, which plays an important role in the regulation and quality of human sleep. This study aims to determine the relationship between the duration of device use and sleep quality in adolescents. The analysis which used in this study is the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire with data on the number of students who had poor sleep quality as many as 105 students (67.74%) and good sleep quality as many as 50 students (32.26%). The results of the cross table show data that students who have poor sleep quality with high duration of device use are 93 respondents (60%). Chi-Square analysis shows the p-value is 0.000 (p <0.05). So it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the length of use of devices and the quality of sleep among students at SMAN 112 Jakarta, Academic Year 2022 2023.

Risk Factors For Primary Glaukoma Patients At Tarakan Hospital 2021-2022

Vanessa Katherine Leonardo, Iggrid Osya Farfar, Desi Hartati Silaen — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy resulting from intraocular pressure that is above average, and is synonymous with visual field disorders and optic nerve papillary atrophy. Glaucoma is asymptomatic so sudden blindness or sudden loss of visual field often occurs in glaucoma patients. Purpose : The main focus of this research is to identify factors related to glaucoma sufferers at Tarakan District Hospital in 2021-2022. Methods : This research used a purposive sampling technique with a cross sectional method with 30 respondents. Data collection was carried out from September to October. Results : The results of this study showed that there was no relationship between age (p=1,000), gender (p=0.689), unilateral intraocular pressure (p= 0.221), bilateral intraocular pressure (p= 1,000), and history of systemic disease (p= 1,000) towards primary glaucoma sufferers at TARAKAN Regional Hospital. Conclusion: The conclusion from this study was that there was no relationship between age, gender, intraocular pressure, and history of systemic disease on the incidence of glaucoma at TARAKAN Regional Hospital. My advice as a researcher is that people who are at high risk of developing glaucoma should routinely undergo comprehensive eye examinations.

Overview of Knowledge Regarding Dysmenorrhea and Its Management Among Female Medical Students Class of 2022 at Krida Wacana Christian University in October 2024

Melania Oudinne Kurniawan, Frizar Irmansyah, Adrian Goenawan — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecological problems that occurs in all menstruating patients. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea can vary between 16% and 91% in individuals of reproductive age. According to statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO), there are around 1.769.425 women (90%) who experience dysmenorrhea, with 10-15% of them experiencing severe dysmenorrhea. In Indonesia, the number of dysmenorrhea cases reached 107.673 people (64,25%), which included 59.671 people (54,89%) with primary dysmenorrhea and 9.496 people (9,36%) with secondary dysmenorrhea. Objective: to find out knowledge about dysmenorrhea and its treatment among students of the 2022 Undergraduate Medical Study Program in treating dysmenorrhea at Krida Wacana Christian University in October 2024. Method: This research is a categorical descriptive study at Campus II of Krida Wacana Christian University. Determining the sample size using a non-probability sampling technique, purposive sampling type, with a sample size of 97 samples. The data was processed using the SPSS 29 statistical program. Results: the results of research conducted on students of the 2022 Undergraduate Medical Study Program at Krida Wacana Christian University totaling 103 respondents, it was obtained that 13 respondents (12.6%) had good knowledge, 89 respondents were obtained (86.4%), and less than 1 person (1.0%). Conclusion: In this study, it was found that the majority of respondents had sufficient knowledge, 89 people (86.4%).

Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Fosfomycin against Pathogenic Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infections in Adult Patients at Hospital X in the Period of 2023

Aelred Parleso Ebat, Wani Devita Gunardi, Donna Mesina Rosadini Pasaribu — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is an infection of the urinary tract structure which is generally caused by Escherichia coli with a prevalence of 5-15% with an estimated 180 thousand cases per year in Indonesia, making it the most common disease today. This is further exacerbated by increasing resistance to conventional antibiotics such as amoxicillin, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones which makes the selection of UTI therapy increasingly difficult. This study aims to determine the sensitivity of fosfomycin antibiotics to pathogens that cause UTI in adult patients at Hospital X in the period 2023. This study used an observational method, with a retrospective descriptive approach by collecting and analyzing secondary data from the microbiology laboratory of Hospital X. The sampling technique used total sampling with a sample size of 51. Using univariate analysis, it was found that women and the elderly group had a fairly high risk of UTI, with E. coli being the most common etiology (51.8%). Fosfomycin was shown to have a high level of sensitivity (96.55%) to E. coli. Therefore, it can be concluded that fosfomycin has a high level of sensitivity to pathogens that cause UTI infections in adult patients at Hospital X in 2023. This study will be more accurate if the number of samples can be increased again.

Effectiveness test of Mangosteen Peel extract on the Growth of Malassezia furfur

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background Mangosteen is one of the medicinal plants that has long been known in Southeast Asia, with its skin having various of properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. Mangosteen skin in traditional medicine is used to cure various diseases. One of the fungi that can cause skin disease in human is Malassezia furfur, which is a lipophilic fungus and part of the normal skin microflora. Objective: This study aims to determine and prove whether mangosteen skin extract has antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur. Method: This study used an experimental method to test the antifungal activity of mangosteen skin extract. Testing was carried out using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and diffusion methods to measure the inhibitory power against Malassezia furfur at various extract concentrations. Results: The results showed that mangosteen skin extract has antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur. The extract concentration that gave the greatest inhibitory power was 100%, while the lowest concentration that showed inhibitory power was 20%. Conclusion: Mangosteen peel extract has been proven to have antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur, with a concentration of 100% providing the greatest inhibitory effect, while a concentration of 20% still shows an inhibitory effect, but weaker.

Current Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Retinopathy : a Literature Review

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Autoimmune Retinopathy (AIR) is a rare inflammatory disease that causes progressive vision loss due to an autoimmune response against retinal proteins, primarily those of photoreceptor and bipolar cells. AIR is divided into two main subtypes: Paraneoplastic Retinopathy (Carcinoma-Associated Retinopathy (CAR) and Melanoma-Associated Retinopathy (MAR) and Non-Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Retinopathy (npAIR). Diagnosing Autoimmune Retinopathy remains challenging because no standardized diagnostic criteria exist. Essential diagnostic criteria include visual dysfunction, electroretinogram abnormalities, the presence of anti-retinal antibodies, the absence of fundus lesions, and the absence of intraocular inflammation. Currently, no evidence-based standard treatment protocol exists; however, immunosuppressive interventions such as systemic steroids, steroid-sparing agents, local therapy, and biologic agents have been used to slow disease progression. This study is a literature review that aims to examine the current diagnosis and management aspects of Autoimmune Retinopathy, based on 11 scientific articles selected from the Google Scholar and PubMed databases, using recent inclusion criteria (2020–2025). Autoimmune retinopathy is a disease with a multifactorial immunopathological mechanism involving humoral and cellular immunity. Early diagnosis, close monitoring of retinal function, and appropriate selection of immunosuppressive therapy are key to preventing further retinal damage. The results of this review are expected to provide comprehensive guidance and identify knowledge gaps for future AIR management.

Incidence of Low Back Pain Among Healthcare Workers in Indonesian Hospitals

Ashley Juan Tan, Steven Sakasasmita, Reynard Febrian — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints among healthcare workers, potentially reducing productivity and the quality of hospital services. In Indonesia, data regarding the incidence of LBP among healthcare workers remains limited.
This study is a systematic literature review following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Articles were retrieved from Google Scholar and Garuda databases, focusing on publications from 2016 to 2025. Inclusion criteria consisted of studies discussing LBP among healthcare workers in Indonesian hospitals. Case reports, cohort studies, meta-analyses, and narrative reviews were excluded.
A total of 1,110 articles was identified, and after the selection process, 10 articles met the criteria. The majority of studies used a cross-sectional method and questionnaire instruments to measure the incidence and risk factors of low back pain (LBP). The average incidence of LBP among healthcare workers, particularly nurses, identified the main risk factors as age, gender, years of service, working hours, and working posture. It was estimated around 37,3% to 86,6% case of LBP incidence among healthcare workers in Indonesia. Preventive measures, such as ergonomic education and workplace modifications, are recommended to reduce the risk and negative impacts of LBP in hospital settings.

Health Care Personal Knowledge of Early Warning System Assessment in Inatient

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Early Warning System (EWS) is a mechanism designed to identify patients' physiological conditions that may change at any time, thereby preventing unexpected events and improving patient survival rates. However, suboptimal implementation of the EWS has a significant impact on the morbidity and mortality of inpatients. A study revealed that 75% of healthcare workers face challenges in applying the EWS, 50% make errors in completing the EWS instruments, and 50% misinterpret the EWS instruments. This literature review aims to examine healthcare workers’ knowledge of EWS assessment in inpatient. Method This literature review was conducted by systematically searching electronic databases such as Google Scholar, ProQuest, and PubMed using the keywords: knowledge, nurse, inpatient care, and EWS. Results From this literature review, 9 out of 10 journals indicated a significant relationship between knowledge about EWS and the implementation of EWS, based on the data extraction table. Many studies found that nurses with a good level of knowledge perfor med EWS implementation well, which can be interpreted as positive data and is also in line with theoretical foundations. However, this literature review also has limitations, as it only compares studies without directly conducting research on the analyzed subjects and objects.

A Review of Refraction Consultation Ethics and Communication: Patient and Practitioner Perspectives

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Refractive consultation is not only a technical process of determining vision correction, but also involves interpersonal interactions between practitioners and patients that include aspects of communication as well as ethical values. Non-empathic communication can lead to misunderstanding and lower patient trust in the service. This study aims to examine the role of communication and ethical approach to care. This study used the literature review method by searching relevant scientific publications from 2014-2024. Primary sources were analyzed ethical values, and the views of patients and optometry practitioners. Data synthesis was conducted through content analysis to summarize key issues and identify gaps that need further research. The results showed that clinical communication and the application of ethical principles such as autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non- maleficence play an important role in building trust and improving service quality. However, obstacles in the field, such as time constraints, high patient numbers, and lack of communication training in ethics that make interactions less empathetic. A review of the literature shows the importance of empathy, clarity of information, and responsiveness in clinical interactions to improve satisfaction and quality of care.