DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN SUBSIDI GAS ELPIJI 3 KG TERHADAP KINERJA DAN PERTUMBUHAN SEKTOR RITEL: STUDI LITERATUR

Abstract

The 3 kg liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) subsidy policy constitutes a strategic government effort to sustain energy affordability for low-income households while supporting the sustainability of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), particularly in the culinary retail sector. Policy changes related to distribution mechanisms, stricter targeting of subsidy beneficiaries, and potential price adjustments have significant implications for operational costs, business performance, and retail sector growth. This study aims to analyze the impact of the 3 kg LPG subsidy policy on the performance and growth of the culinary retail sector through a literature review approach. A qualitative descriptive method is employed by examining relevant academic journal articles, policy reports, and official publications. The reviewed literature is thematically analyzed and classified into four main categories: distribution of 3 kg LPG, prices and operational costs, retail actor structure, and market distortions. The findings indicate that the 3 kg LPG subsidy contributes to reducing MSMEs’ operational costs and maintaining retail price stability. However, the policy remains insufficiently effective due to inaccurate subsidy targeting, distribution inefficiencies, and persistent structural imbalances among retail actors, which may undermine business performance and sectoral growth. This study concludes that strengthening distribution governance and subsidy oversight is essential to ensure more optimal and sustainable outcomes of the 3 kg LPG subsidy policy for the culinary retail sector.

Keywords— 3 kg LPG, government policy, economic growth, retail sector, MSMEs.