The Factors Influencing the Incidence of Astigmatism in Children at SDN 11 Pagi and 17 Kebon Jeruk

Abstract

Astigmatisme is one of the most common refractive error in elementary school-aged childern and can affect visual acuity and academic performance. This study aims to identify the factors influencing the incidence of astigmatism among students at SDN 11 Pagi and SDN 17 Kebon Jeruk, West Jakarta, in 2025. An analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted, involving 363 students as the sample. Data were collected through visual acuity tests using trial lenses and structured questionnaires. The results showed significant associations between the incidence of astigmatism and the intensity of gadget use (p=0.018), lighting conditions during gadget use (p=0.034), and reading distance (p=0.037). Meanwhile, other variables such as family history, gender, television viewing habits, and lighting during reading did not show significant associations. This study highlights the importance of monitoring children's visual habits to prevent  refractive disorders, particulary astigmatism.