Relationship Between Uncorrected Refractive Errors and Academic Achievement of Students at SMPN 89 Jakarta 2025

Abstract

Uncorrected refractive error is one of the leading causes of visual impairment among school-aged children and may affect the learning process. Visual disturbances may lead to difficulties in reading classroom materials, reduced concentration, and impaired academic performance. This study aimed to determine the relationship between uncorrected refractive errors and academic achievement among students at SMPN 89 Jakarta in 2025. A quantitative correlational study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted among 510 eighth and ninth grade students selected using purposive sampling. Visual acuity examination was performed using a Snellen Chart at a distance of 6 meters, while academic achievement data were obtained from the students’ latest semester grade averages. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank correlation test with a significance level of p<0.05. The results showed that 215 students (42.16%) had uncorrected refractive errors, predominantly compound myopic astigmatism and simple myopia. All respondents demonstrated very good academic achievement (80–100). No statistically significant relationship was found between uncorrected refractive errors and academic achievement in the right eye (ρ=-0.083; p=0.380) or left eye (ρ=-0.007;p=0.944). In conclusion, there was no statistically significant relationship between uncorrected refractive errors and academic achievement among students at SMPN 89 Jakarta. However, early detection and refractive correction remain important to support visual comfort and long-term ocular health