Literature Review of Ocular Complications of Mpox: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Abstract

Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) and can cause a variety of potentially sight-threatening ocular manifestations. This literature review aims to summarize the current scientific evidence regarding the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of ocular complications in Mpox. The study was conducted using a narrative literature review method, reviewing various relevant scientific publications, including literature reviews, case reports, case series, cohort studies, and experimental studies. The review results indicate that ocular involvement in Mpox has a broad spectrum, ranging from blepharitis, conjunctivitis, and keratitis to severe complications such as uveitis, sclerokeratouveitis, symblepharon, and corneal damage that can lead to permanent visual impairment. Keratitis is the complication that poses the greatest risk to the visual prognosis, especially in immunocompromised patients. Diagnosis requires high clinical vigilance and can be confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of skin lesions or ocular samples. Management includes systemic and topical antiviral therapy, such as tecovirimat, trifluridine, and cidofovir, along with supportive therapy as needed. Early detection and appropriate treatment are crucial to prevent serious complications and preserve the patient's vision