Effect of Kawa Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) Leaves on Serum LDL in Diabetic Model Rats

Muhammad Abi Ghoffari Siregar; Rauza Sukma   Rita; Mohamad  Reza; Hirowati Ali; Zelly Dia  Rofinda; Rahmani Welan

doi:10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v32i2.4012

Authors

Muhammad Abi Ghoffari Siregar Medical Clinical Student at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
Rauza Sukma Rita Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
Mohamad Reza Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
Hirowati Ali Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
Zelly Dia Rofinda Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
Rahmani Welan Department of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v32i2.4012

Keywords:

alloxan, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, kawa daun, wistar rats

Abstract

Background: Kawa gambir leaves, dried in a furnace and brewed as tea, are rich in flavonoids, phenolics, steroids, and tannins and have antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and antidyslipidemic properties. In diabetes, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a dyslipidemic abnormality that increases atherogenic risk. However, the effect of Kawa gambir on LDL in diabetic conditions remains unclear. Objective: To evaluate the effect of Kawa gambir leaf administration on LDL in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: This experimental study used a post-test-only control group design in 36 Wistar rats randomized into six groups: K−, K+, MET, P1, P2, and P3. Diabetes was induced with alloxan in K+, MET, and P1–P3. MET received metformin, whereas P1, P2, and P3 received Kawa gambir infusions at 1, 2, and 4 g/100 mL once daily for 4 weeks. Serum LDL was estimated using the Friedewald formula. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Least Significant Difference post hoc testing. Results: Mean±SD LDL levels (mg/dL) were 37.16±3.03, 59.90±8.91, 41.30±6.74, 40.60±5.75, 38.95±10.15, and 40.33±7.01 in K−, K+, MET, P1, P2, and P3, respectively. Group differences were significant (p=0.001). The largest numerical reduction versus K+ was found in P2, with a difference of 20.95 mg/dL (95% CI 8.64–33.26). Conclusion: Kawa gambir infusion significantly reduced LDL compared with the untreated diabetic control. Although the 2 g/100 mL group showed the lowest LDL numerically, no significant differences were observed among active treatment groups. These findings support Kawa gambir as an antidyslipidemic agent in diabetic dyslipidemia.

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