Kajian Efek Rokok Elektrik terhadap Kesehatan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v25i3.1775Keywords:
electric cigarettes, conventional cigarettes, side effectAbstract
The phenomenon of smoking has never stopped until now, with many pros and contras surrounding this phenomenon. In addition to conventional cigarettes, there are different types of smoking including shisha, cigars, and electric cigarettes. Many cigarette addicts are now switching to electric cigarettes, but the side effects are almost the same as conventional cigarettes. Studies found that there are various dangerous diseases that can be caused by smoking e-cigarettes including various organ damages and addiction. Therefore, e-cigarettes should be avoided.
References
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15. Ordonez J, Forrester MB, Kleinschmidt K. Electronic cigarette exposures reported to poison centers. Clin Toxicol 2013;51:685.
16. Etter JF. Electronic cigarettes: a survey of users. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:231
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18. Maridet C, Atge B, Amici JM, Taieb A, Milpied B. The electronic cigarette: the new source of nickel contact allergy of the 21st century? Contact Dermatitis. 2015;73(1):49–50
19. Flouris AD, et al. Acute impact of active and passive electronic cigarette smoking on serum cotinine and lung function. Inhalation Toxicology. 2013;25(2):91–101.
20. Flouris AD, et al. Acute effects of electronic and tobacco cigarette smoking on complete blood count. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2012;50(10):3600–3.
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22. Fuller TW , et al. Comparison of bladder carcinogens in the urine of e-cigarette users versus non e-cigarette using controls. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2018;8(1):6–11.
23. Willershausen I, et al. Influence of E-smoking liquids on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Head Face Med. 2014;10(1):1–7.
24. Shivalingappa PC, Hole R, Van Westphal C, Vij N. Airway exposure to e-cigarette vapors impairs autophagy and induces aggresome formation. Antioxidants Redox Signal. 2016;24(4):186–204.
25. Qasim H, Karim ZA, Rivera JO, Khasawneh FT, Alshbool FZ. Impact of electronic cigarettes on the cardiovascular system. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(9).
2. Goniewicz ML, Kuma T, Gawron M, Knysak J, Kosmider L. Nicotine levels in electronic cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res. 2013;15(1):158–66.
3. Martínez-sánchez JM, et al. Perception of electronic cigarettes in the general population: does their usefulness outweigh their risks? 2015;1–7.
4. Behar RZ, et al. Identification of toxicants in cinnamon-flavored electronic cigarette refill fluids. Toxicol Vitr. 2014;28(2):198–208.
5. Afandi A, Kurniawan VA. Kajian Epidemiologi Pengguna Rokok Elektrik di Wilayah Kabupaten Semarang. Vol. 1, Pro Health. 2019. p. 9–13.
6. Etter JF, Bullen C. Saliva cotinine levels in users of electronic cigarettes. Eur Respir J. 2011;38(5):1219–20.
7. Pellegrino RM, et al. Electronic cigarettes: an evaluation of exposure to chemicals and fine particulate matter (PM). Ann Ig. 2012;24(4):279–88.
8. Feng Y, Kleinstreuer C, Rostami A. Evaporation and condensation of multicomponent electronic cigarette droplets and conventional cigarette smoke particles in an idealized G3-G6 triple bifurcating unit. J Aerosol Sci. 2015;80:58–74.
9. Geiss O, Bianchi I, Barahona F, Barrero-Moreno J. Characterisation of mainstream and passive vapours emitted by selected electronic cigarettes. Int J Hyg Environ Health.2015;218(1):169–80.
10. Ohta K, Uchiyama S, Inaba Y, Nakagome H, Kunugita N. Determination of carbonyl compounds generated from the electronic cigarette using coupled silica cartridges impregnated with hydroquinone and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Bunseki Kagaku. 2011;60(10):791–7.
11. Shulei Han, Huan Chen, Xiaotao Zhang, Tong Liu, Ya’ning Fu, Levels of Selected Groups of Compounds in Refill Solutions for Electronic Cigarettes, Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2016;18(5): 708–714.
12. Schober W, et al. Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) impairs indoor air quality and increases FeNO levels of e-cigarette consumers. Int J Hyg Environ Health.2014;217(6):628–37.
13. Farsalinos KE, et al. Nicotine levels and presence of selected tobacco-derived toxins in tobacco flavoured electronic cigarette refill liquids. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(4):3439–52.
14. Wang MP, Ho SY, Leung LT, Lam TH. Electronic Cigarette Use and Respiratory Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170(1):89–91.
15. Ordonez J, Forrester MB, Kleinschmidt K. Electronic cigarette exposures reported to poison centers. Clin Toxicol 2013;51:685.
16. Etter JF. Electronic cigarettes: a survey of users. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:231
17. Bullen C, et al. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation: A randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 2013;382(9905), 1629–1637.
18. Maridet C, Atge B, Amici JM, Taieb A, Milpied B. The electronic cigarette: the new source of nickel contact allergy of the 21st century? Contact Dermatitis. 2015;73(1):49–50
19. Flouris AD, et al. Acute impact of active and passive electronic cigarette smoking on serum cotinine and lung function. Inhalation Toxicology. 2013;25(2):91–101.
20. Flouris AD, et al. Acute effects of electronic and tobacco cigarette smoking on complete blood count. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2012;50(10):3600–3.
21. Cumberbatch MG, Rota M, Catto JW E al. The role of tobacco smoke in bladder and kidney carcinogenesis. Eur Urol. 2016;70(458).
22. Fuller TW , et al. Comparison of bladder carcinogens in the urine of e-cigarette users versus non e-cigarette using controls. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2018;8(1):6–11.
23. Willershausen I, et al. Influence of E-smoking liquids on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Head Face Med. 2014;10(1):1–7.
24. Shivalingappa PC, Hole R, Van Westphal C, Vij N. Airway exposure to e-cigarette vapors impairs autophagy and induces aggresome formation. Antioxidants Redox Signal. 2016;24(4):186–204.
25. Qasim H, Karim ZA, Rivera JO, Khasawneh FT, Alshbool FZ. Impact of electronic cigarettes on the cardiovascular system. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(9).
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Published
2019-12-23
How to Cite
Sudradjat, S. E. (2019). Kajian Efek Rokok Elektrik terhadap Kesehatan. Jurnal Kedokteran Meditek, 25(3), 115–117. https://doi.org/10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v25i3.1775
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Tinjauan Pustaka
