Tinjauan Pustaka: Gambaran Mikroskopik Paru Hewan Coba yang Terpapar Asap Rokok Elektrik (Vape)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v27i1.1920Keywords:
Microscopically, nicotine, lungs, e-cigaretteAbstract
Penggunaan rokok elektrik semakin meningkat pada masa ini serta dianggap dapat menjadi alternatif yang lebih aman dibanding rokok konvensional. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh paparan asap rokok elektrik terhadap mikroskopis paru pada hewan coba. Metode yang digunakan dalam tinjauan pustaka ini menggunakan strategi secara komprehensif, seperti pencarian artikel dalam database jurnal penelitian, pencarian melalui internet, dan tinjauan ulang artikel. Pencarian database yang digunakan adalah Google Scholar dan pubmed. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paparan asap rokok elektrik dapat menyebabkan berbagai kerusakan mikroskopis paru seperti degenerasi dan nekrosis pada mukosa bronkiolus, serta pada pembuluh darah dapat ditemukan kongesti, endoteliosis, kerusakan parenkim, serta hiperplasia tipe 2 pada alveolus, bahkan sampai menyebabkan kanker pada paru hewan coba. Simpulan menyatakan bahwa rokok elektrik belum bisa dikatakan sebagai pengganti rokok konvensional yang sepenuhnya aman. Penggunaan rokok elektrik sebagai alat bant, panjang.
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Reinikovaite V, Rodriguez IE, Karoor V, et al. The effects of electronic cigarette vapour the lung: direct comparison to tobacco smoke. Eur Respir J. 2018;51:1701661.
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Tang MS, Wu XR, Lee HW, et al. Electronic-cigarette smoke induces lung adenocarcinoma and bladder urothelial hyperplasia in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2019;116(43):21727-31.
Wawryk-Gawda E, Chylińska-Wrzos P, K Zarobkiewicz M, Chłapek K, Jodłowska-Jędrych B. Lung histomorphological alterations in rats exposed to cigarette smoke and electronic cigarette vapour. Exp Ther Med. 2020;19(4):2826-32.
Cooke A, Fergeson J, Bulkhi A, Casale TB. The electronic cigarette: The good, the bad, and the ugly. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2015;3(4):498-505.
Clapp PW, Jaspers I. Electronic cigarettes: Their constituents and potential links to Asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2017;17(11):79.
Reidel B, Radicioni G, Clapp P, et al. E-cigarette use causes a unique innate immune response in the lung involving increased neutrophilic activation and altered mucin secretion. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018;197:492–501.
Laube BL, Afshar-Mohajer N, Koehler K, et al. Acute and chronic in vivo effects of exposure to nicotine and propylene glycol from an E-cigarette on mucociliary clearance in a murine model. Inhal Toxicol. 2017; 29:197–205.
Wölkart G, Kollau A, Stessel H, et al. Effects of flavoring compounds used in electronic cigarette refill liquids on endothelial and vascular function. PLOS ONE. 2019;14(9): e0222152.
Reimondos A, Utomo ID, McDonald P, Hull T, Suparno H, Utomo A. The 2010 greater Jakarta transition to adulthood survey policy background no.2 smoking and young adults in Indonesia. ADSRI 2012. Disitasi pada tanggal 21 Februari 2020. Diakses pada http://chr.ui.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/06/policy_background_2_smoking.pdf
Elsa MS, Nadjib M. Determinan rokok elektrik di Indonesia: data SUSENAS (Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional) tahun 2017. Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat, 2019;35(2):41-8.
Lorensia A, Yudiarso A, Herwansyah FR. Persepsi, efektifitas, dan keamanan penggunaan rokok elektrik (e-cigarette) oleh perokok aktif sebagai terapi dalam smoking cessation: mixed methods dengan pendekatan studi kuantitatif dan kualitatif. J. Trop. Pharm. Chem. 2017;4(2):66-8.
Hartmann-Boyce J, McRobbie H, Bullen C, Begh R, Stead LF, Hajek P. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;9(9):CD010216.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adult smoking cessation—the use of e-cigarettes. Disitasi pada tanggal 5 Maret 2020. Diakses pada https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2020-smoking-cessation/fact-sheets/adult-smoking-cessation-e-cigarettes-use/index.html#:~:text=Some%20research%20suggests%20that%20using,cessation%20than%20less%20frequent%20use. Accessed October 3, 2020
Alasmari F, Alexander LEC, Drummond CA, et al. A computerized exposure system for animal models to optimize nicotine delivery into the brain through inhalation of electronic cigarette vapors or cigarette smoke. Saudi Pharm J. 2018;26(5):622-8.
Sosnowski TR, Jabłczyńska K, Odziomek M, et al. Physicochemical studies of direct interactions between lung surfactant and components of electronic cigarettes liquid mixtures. Inhalation Toxicology. 2018;30(4-5):159-68.
Shields PG, Berman M, Brasky TM, et al. A review of pulmonary toxicity of electronic cigarettes in the context of smoking: a focus on inflammation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2017;26:1175–91.
Monica M, Adi AAAM, Winaya IBO. Histopatologi bronkiolus dan pembuluh darah paru mencit jantan pasca terpapar asap rokok elektrik. Buletin Veteriner Udayana. 2018;11(2):157-65.
Tortora GJ, Derrickson B. Principles of anatomy & physiology. 14th ed. Hoboken: Wiley; 2014. p.841-74.
Singh I. Textbook of histology. 6th ed. New delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2011. p.223-6.
Goniewicz ML, Kuma T, Gawron M, Knysak J, Kosmider L. Nicotine levels in electronic cigarettes. Nicotine and Tobacco Research. 2013;15(1):158-66.
Badan POM. Kajian rokok elektrik di Indonesia. Direktorat Pengawasan Narkotika, Psikotropika dan Zat Adiktif Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan. 2017. Disitasi pada tanggal 6 Februari 2021. Diakses pada https://komnaspt.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Kajian-Rokok-Elektronik-di-Indonesia-2017-BPOM.pdf
Tayyarah R, Long GA. Comparison of select analytes in aerosol from e-cigarettes with smoke from conventional cigarettes and with ambient air. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2014;70(3):704-10.
National Center for Biotechnology Information PubChem Database. Nicotine. Disitasi pada tanggal 27 Februari 2020. Diakses pada https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Nicotine
Mishra A, Chaturvedi P, Datta S, Sinukumar S, Joshi P, Garg A. Harmful effect of nicotine. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol. 2015;36(1):24–31.
Philips B, Titz B, Kogel U. Toxicity of the main electronic cigarette components, propylene glycol, glycerin, and nicotine, in Sprague-Dawley rats in a 90-day OECD inhalation study complemented by molecular endpoints. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2017;109(1):315-32.
National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 637511, Cinnamaldehyde Disitasi pada tanggal 1 Februari 2021. Diakses pada https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cinnamaldehyde
Kreiss K. Recognizing occupational effects of diacetyl: What can we learn from this history?. Toxicology. 2017;388:48-54.
Husari A, Shihadeh A, Talih S, Hashem Y, El Sabban M, Zaatari G. Acute exposure to electronic and combustible cigarette aerosols: effects in an animal model and in human alveolar cells. Nicotine Tob Res. 2016;18(5):613-19.
Garcia-Arcos I, Geraghty P, Baumlin N, et al. Chronic electronic cigarette exposure in mice induces features of COPD in a nicotine-dependent manner. Thorax. 2016;71(12):1119-29.
Larcombe AN, Janka MA, Mullins BJ, et al. The effects of electronic cigarette aerosol exposure on inflammation and lung function in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2017;313(1):L67-L79.
Reinikovaite V, Rodriguez IE, Karoor V, et al. The effects of electronic cigarette vapour the lung: direct comparison to tobacco smoke. Eur Respir J. 2018;51:1701661.
Glynos C, Bibli SI, Katsaounou P, et al. Comparison of the effects of e-cigarette vapor with cigarette smoke on lung function and inflammation in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2018;315(5):L662-72.
Triantara YA, Almira I, Kusumo SA, et al. Perbandingan pengaruh asap rokok elektrik dan konvensional terhadap histopatologi paru tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus). J Respir Indo. 2019;39(2):88-91.
Putra AI, Hanriko R, Kurniawaty E. Pengaruh efek paparan asap rokok elektrik dibandingkan paparan asap rokok konvensional terhadap gambaran histopatologi paru mencit jantan (Mus musculus). Majority. 2019;8(1):90-4.
Tang MS, Wu XR, Lee HW, et al. Electronic-cigarette smoke induces lung adenocarcinoma and bladder urothelial hyperplasia in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2019;116(43):21727-31.
Wawryk-Gawda E, Chylińska-Wrzos P, K Zarobkiewicz M, Chłapek K, Jodłowska-Jędrych B. Lung histomorphological alterations in rats exposed to cigarette smoke and electronic cigarette vapour. Exp Ther Med. 2020;19(4):2826-32.
Cooke A, Fergeson J, Bulkhi A, Casale TB. The electronic cigarette: The good, the bad, and the ugly. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2015;3(4):498-505.
Clapp PW, Jaspers I. Electronic cigarettes: Their constituents and potential links to Asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2017;17(11):79.
Reidel B, Radicioni G, Clapp P, et al. E-cigarette use causes a unique innate immune response in the lung involving increased neutrophilic activation and altered mucin secretion. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018;197:492–501.
Laube BL, Afshar-Mohajer N, Koehler K, et al. Acute and chronic in vivo effects of exposure to nicotine and propylene glycol from an E-cigarette on mucociliary clearance in a murine model. Inhal Toxicol. 2017; 29:197–205.
Wölkart G, Kollau A, Stessel H, et al. Effects of flavoring compounds used in electronic cigarette refill liquids on endothelial and vascular function. PLOS ONE. 2019;14(9): e0222152.
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2021-05-01
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Eliasyer, E., Sumbayak, E. M., & Majawati, E. (2021). Tinjauan Pustaka: Gambaran Mikroskopik Paru Hewan Coba yang Terpapar Asap Rokok Elektrik (Vape). Jurnal Kedokteran Meditek, 27(1), 64–73. https://doi.org/10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v27i1.1920
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Copyright (c) 2021 Eliasyer Eliasyer, Erma Mexcorry Sumbayak, Esther Majawati
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