Varisela pada Dewasa, Kehamilan, dan Kondisi Imunokompromais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v27i1.1938Keywords:
adults, chicken pox, varicellaAbstract
Varisela merupakan eksantema vesikular yang sangat menular akibat infeksi akut primer eksogen dari virus varisela zoster pada individu yang rentan. Varisela lebih sering menyerang anak-anak dengan usia kurang dari 10 tahun. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi klinis dan terapi varisela pada dewasa, kehamilan dan kondisi imunokompromais. Pada dewasa, varisela biasanya lebih berat dengan mortalitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan anak-anak, dimana transmisi yang terjadi melalui droplet atau aerosol dari saluran napas. Masa inkubasinya berkisar antara 10-21 hari. Gejala diawali oleh fase prodromal, kemudian terjadi erupsi kulit yang polimorfik dengan progresifitasnya yang cepat. Pemeriksaan penunjang dapat berupa pemeriksaan Tzank smear, polymerase chain reaction, kultur, dan lain-lain. Varisela pada kehamilan akan mengancam kesehatan ibu dan janin, sedangkan pada pasien imunokompromais, morbiditas dan mortalitas akibat varisela meningkat. Pneumonia varisela merupakan komplikasi varisela yang serius pada dewasa. Pengobatan menggunakan antivirus asiklovir, valasiklovir, dan famsiklovir. Pencegahan dapat dilakukan dengan vaksinasi, varicella zoster immunoglobuline, dan terapi antivirus profilaksis, sehingga pengobatan yang tepat dan upaya pencegahan dengan vaksinasi pada kelompok dewasa yang rentan perlu dilakukan.
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