Diare Akut pada Anak yang Disebabkan oleh Infeksi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v27i3.2068Keywords:
bakteri, diare, parasit, rehidrasi, virusAbstract
Diare masih menjadi penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas pada anak di negara berkembang. Etiologi diare pada anak didominasi oleh patogen enterik seperti virus, bakteri, dan parasit. Organisme patogen enterik yang cukup sering menjadi penyebab diare adalah rotavirus, E.coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae, dan Entamoeba histolytica. Selama beberapa dekade terakhir, pengetahuan mengenai patogenesis diare akut yang disebabkan oleh infeksi mengalami perkembangan. Tiap organisme menyebabkan gejala diare yang berbeda. Dengan mengetahui gejala dan etiopatogenesis diare akut yang disebabkan oleh infeksi secara tepat, pemberian antibiotik secara berlebihan dapat dicegah sehingga akan mengurangi angka resistensi antibiotik. Tujuan tinjauan pustaka ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan mengenai etiopatogenesis dan tata laksana diare akut yang disebabkan oleh infeksi. Perbaikan hygiene dan sanitasi lingkungan penting untuk mencegah diare akut pada anak. Pemberian cairan rehidrasi oral dengan osmolaritas rendah efektif dalam mengurangi durasi dan frekuensi diare akut dengan dehidrasi ringan-sedang dan mengurangi tingkat kematian yang disebabkan oleh diare akut.
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