Analisis Efikasi dan Efektivitas Vaksin COVID-19 terhadap Varian  SARS-CoV-2: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur

Willi Fragcana Putra

doi:10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v28i1.2243

Authors

Willi Fragcana Putra Rumah Sakit Umum Bintuni, Papua Barat, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v28i1.2243

Keywords:

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccines, Variants of Concerns

Abstract

Varian of Concern dari SARS-CoV-2 memiliki karakteristik penyebaran yang lebih tinggi, meningkatkan keparahan penyakit dan berpotensi menurunkan efikasi dan efektivitas vaksin jika dibandingkan dengan varian wild. WHO melaporkan varian COVID-19 yang menjadi perhatian adalah Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1) dan Delta (B.1.617.2). Review ini bertujuan sebagai sumber data untuk efikasi dan efektivitas vaksin yang disetujui di Indonesia, yaitu Moderna (mRNA-1273), Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2), Oxford/AstraZeneca (AZD1222), Sinopharm Beijing (BBIBP-CorV Vero Cells) dan Sinovac (CoronaVac) terhadap infeksi varian SARS-CoV-2 tanpa gejala dan dengan gejala yang diikuti tingkat keparahan akibat infeksi (rawat inap atau kematian). Tujuan penulisan tinjauan literatur ini adalah untuk menganalisis efikasi dan efektivitas vaksin COVID-19 terhadap varian SARS-CoV-2. Review ini penting sebagai sumber data pendukung mengenai efikasi dan efektivitas vaksin yang disetujui di Indonesia berdasarkan uji coba fase yang dilakukan secara global. Hasilnya menunjukkan Varian of Concern dari SARS-CoV-2 memiliki kemampuan mengurangi netralisasi antibodi secara in vitro. Namun, belum ada laporan terkait dampak signifikan varian SARS-CoV-2 terhadap efikasi dan efektivitas vaksin yang menunjukkan bahwa mutasi virus secara dominan meningkatkan laju penularan, tetapi tidak selalu menurunkan proteksi respons imun.

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