Gangguan Ginjal pada Pasien HIV Dewasa

Mikhael San Putra Wijanarko

doi:10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v27i3.2033

Authors

Mikhael San Putra Wijanarko Fakultas Kedokteran Dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana, Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v27i3.2033

Keywords:

HIV, HIV-associated nephropathy, HIV immune complex kidney, penyakit ginjal kronis

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) merupakan agen penyebab dari acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Penggunaan antiretroviral (ARV) yang efektif meningkatkan angka harapan hidup pada pasien HIV. Beberapa jenis penyakit ginjal dapat terbentuk pada pasien HIV dan merupakan salah satu penyakit penyerta. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gangguan ginjal yang dapat timbul pada pasien HIV dewasa, serta pemeriksaan dan tata laksana yang dapat dilakukan. Risiko gangguan fungsi ginjal akut maupun kronis dapat dimiliki oleh pasien HIV dan kerusakan dapat terjadi pada seluruh bagian dari ginjal. Gangguan fungsi ginjal juga dapat terjadi akibat penggunaan ARV. Beberapa penyakit ginjal yang dapat dapat timbul adalah HIV-associated nephropathy, HIV immune complex kidney disease, penyakit ginjal kronis, hingga end-stage renal disease. Saat penegakan diagnosis HIV, inisiasi, maupun modifikasi ARV, direkomendasikan untuk melakukan skrining fungsi ginjal secara berkala. Selain tata laksana pada gangguan ginjal yang telah terjadi, dianjurkan juga untuk mengupayakan identifikasi, pemantauan berkala, modifikasi, dan tata laksana pada faktor risiko yang ada.

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