Pengaruh Postur Duduk Membungkuk dalam Menimbulkan Kifosis Postural

Hartanto

doi:10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v28i2.2331

Authors

Hartanto Departemen Anatomi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana, Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v28i2.2331

Keywords:

duduk, kifosis, membungkuk, postural

Abstract

Kurangnya aktivitas sehari-hari menyebabkan banyak orang duduk dengan postur membungkuk. Apabila keadaan ini terjadi secara berkepanjangan dapat menjadi sebuah kebiasaan yang dapat menyebabkan kifosis postural. Pada kifosis postural, pertambahan derajat kurvatura tulang vertebra thoracal bersifat fleksibel atau dipengaruhi postur. Postur duduk membungkuk mengakibatkan tubuh menjadi lebih condong ke anterior dan mengubah good alignment tubuh sehingga kurvatura kifosis regio thoracal semakin meningkat dan kurvatura lordosis regio lumbal mendatar seperti pada penderita kifosis postural. Perubahan kurvatura ini dapat menimbulkan regangan yang melampaui batas resistensi pada ligamen bagian posterior vertebra dan meningkatkan tekanan mekanik pada discus intervertebralis. Kondisi ini berpotensi untuk mencetuskan kekakuan otot penegak punggung, keluhan nyeri punggung dan punggung bawah, hingga kepada proses inflamasi dan fenomena creep pada jaringan viscoelastis tulang vertebra. Kejadian kifosis postural progresif yang mengakibatkan kerusakan morfologi tulang dan jaringan lunaknya seperti yang ditemukan pada kifosis Scheuermann belum ditemukan, meskipun pada keduanya terjadi trauma mekanik yang berkepanjangan.

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