Pengaturan Sistem Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioner (HVAC) untuk Pencegahan Kontaminasi SARS-CoV-2 dalam Ruangan

Gratia Erlinda Tomasoa; Wani Devita Gunardi; Ade Dharmawan

doi:10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v28i2.2379

Authors

Gratia Erlinda Tomasoa Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana, Jakarta, Indonesia
Wani Devita Gunardi Departemen Mikrobiologi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana , Jakarta, Indonesia
Ade Dharmawan Departemen Mikrobiologi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana, Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v28i2.2379

Keywords:

HVAC, kontaminasi, lingkungan dalam ruangan, pencegahan, SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

Virus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2) termasuk dalam kelompok β-coronavirus yang merupakan virus RNA sense positif rantai tunggal dengan selubung lipid dan penyakit yang disebabkannya disebut Coronavirus Disease 2019 atau COVID-19. World Health Organization (WHO) secara resmi menyatakan wabah COVID-19 sebagai pandemi global dan pemerintah di seluruh dunia mulai menerapkan strategi untuk memperlambat penyebaran infeksi. Penularan SARS-CoV-2 umumnya melalui droplet tetapi penularan secara airborne (aerosol) juga mungkin terjadi. Ventilasi merupakan salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi transmisi secara airborne sehingga muncul pertanyaan tentang peran sistem heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) dalam penyebaran COVID-19 di lingkungan dalam ruangan. Penulis hendak mengkaji sumber-sumber kepustakaan yang tersedia yang membahas tentang kontaminasi udara dan area permukaan di lingkungan dalam ruangan dan pengaturan sistem HVAC dalam mencegah penyebaran SARS-CoV-2. Tulisan ini disusun dengan mengkaji 10 artikel jurnal penelitian yang berasal dari PubMed. Hasil kajian didapatkan bahwa pencegahan kontaminasi SARS-CoV-2 di dalam ruangan dengan sistem HVAC dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan laju ventilasi, menghindari sirkulasi udara kembali, menggunakan filter udara, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), serta rutin melakukan desinfeksi atau sterilisasi ruangan maupun permukaan.

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