Terapi Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Berbasis Hormon Inkretin

Marcel Antoni

doi:10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v29i2.2664

Authors

Marcel Antoni Departemen Fisiologi dan Laser Medik, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana, Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v29i2.2664

Keywords:

diabetes melitus tipe 2, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor (DPP4-inhibitor), Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist (GLP-1 RA), hormon inkretin

Abstract

Diabetes melitus merupakan masalah kesehatan global dengan tingginya angka kematian akibat berbagai komplikasi yang ditimbulkannya dan diabetes melitus tipe 2 menjadi penyebab utama kematian seiring bertambahnya penderita obesitas. Pengembangan obat-obat anti diabetes dilakukan, untuk menemukan kandidat obat baru yang tidak hanya menurunkan kadar glukosa darah tetapi diharapkan memiliki efek lebih, seperti mampu merestorasi fungsi sekresi sel β pankreas dan mengembalikan sensitivitas reseptor insulin yang terganggu. Penulisan tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan membahas peran hormon inkretin dalam tubuh, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), dan glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) dalam merangsang sekresi insulin, serta peran/efek tambahan dari hormon-hormon tersebut yang secara fisiologis menguntungkan dan sejalan dengan pengobatan diabetes melitus tipe 2, seperti merangsang proliferasi dan meningkatkan ketahanan hidup sel β, juga perannya dalam menekan nafsu makan. Beberapa obat anti diabetes berbasis hormon inkretin yang telah digunakan di klinik, di antaranya kelompok obat glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), yang mirip dengan hormon inkretin endogen serta kelompok obat dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4-inhibitor) yang menghambat degradasi GIP dan GLP-1

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