Tinjauan Sistematis: Update Efektivitas Vaksin Polio di Seluruh Dunia

Ronald Pratama Adiwinoto; I Made Dwi Merth Adnyana; Hanung Prasetya; Artha Budi Susila Duarsa

doi:10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v30i3.3200

Authors

Ronald Pratama Adiwinoto Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Hang Tuah, Surabaya, Jawa Timur
I Made Dwi Merth Adnyana Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Teknologi Informasi dan Sains, Universitas Hindu Indonesia, Denpasar, Bali
Hanung Prasetya Politeknik Kesehatan (Poltekkes), Kementerian Kesehatan Surakarta, Indonesia
Artha Budi Susila Duarsa Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Hamzanwadi, Lombok Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v30i3.3200

Keywords:

vaksinasi polio, serokonversi, pengeluaran virus, tinjauan sistematis, kekebalan populasi

Abstract

Tinjauan sistematis ini mengevaluasi efektivitas dan keamanan strategi vaksinasi polio di berbagai populasi dan setting. Data dari beberapa studi antara tahun 2015 hingga 2023 dikumpulkan secara sistematis dari basis data PubMed, Google Scholar, dan ScienceDirect dengan menggunakan kata kunci seperti "vaksinasi polio," "serokonversi," dan "pengeluaran virus." Data ini dianalisis untuk menilai tingkat serokonversi, pengeluaran virus, dan kejadian ikutan setelah vaksinasi. Hasil menunjukkan variasi yang signifikan dalam tingkat serokonversi dan pengeluaran virus di antara populasi studi yang berbeda, menekankan pentingnya pendekatan vaksinasi yang disesuaikan. Meskipun variasi ini, efikasi keseluruhan vaksinasi polio, terutama dengan vaksin poliovirus inaktif (IPV) dan vaksin poliovirus oral bivalen (bOPV), terbukti meningkatkan kekebalan populasi dan mengurangi transmisi virus. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya menjaga dan memperkuat program vaksinasi polio global untuk mencapai dan mempertahankan upaya eradikasi polio global. Penelitian masa depan sebaiknya difokuskan pada optimalisasi strategi vaksinasi dan mengatasi hambatan terhadap penerimaan vaksin untuk memastikan terus berkembangnya progres menuju eradikasi polio global.

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