Authorship Criteria

The journal requires that authorship accurately reflects substantial intellectual contributions to the research and its reporting. In alignment with ICMJE and COPE standards, to qualify for authorship, individuals must satisfy all of the four criteria:

• Significant contributions to the study’s conception or idea, design, experimental studies, data collection, or interpretation
• Participation in the drafting or critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content
• Final approval for the version to be published
• Accountability for all aspects of the work to ensure research integrity.

Individuals who provided only technical support, or language editing, or general administrative oversight do not meet authorship criteria and should instead be recognized in the Acknowledgements section. The corresponding author must ensure that all listed authors have formally approved the final submission, declared any potential conflicts of interest, and disclosed all relevant funding sources.